Treatment outcomes of tubal pregnancy with tubal preservation: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Ectopic pregnancy is a common gynecological emergency that poses a significant risk of maternal mortality during the first trimester. It also increases the incidence of infertility and repeated ectopic pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is a difference in the degree of tubal patency between salpingostomy and systemic treatment with methotrexate (MTX), as well as the odds of intrauterine pregnancy and repeat ectopic pregnancy, and the degree of tubal patency in salpingectomy with or without tubal suturing. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to April 2023. Four randomized controlled trials were included in the review. We analyzed the combined data using Review Manager 5.3 software and Stata 12.0 software, utilizing a random effects model. RESULTS: When comparing salpingostomy and systemic treatment with MTX, there was no significant difference in the degree of tubal patency (OR = 1.09, 95% CI (0.54-2.38), P = .83). For salpingostomy with or without tubal suturing, there were no significant differences in the rates of intrauterine pregnancy, repeat ectopic pregnancy, and tubal patency degree [(OR = 1.05, 95% CI (0.41-2.68), P = .92), (OR = 0.68, 95% CI (0.19-2.42), P = .92), (OR = 1.68, 95% CI (0.14-20.33), P = .68)]. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrates that systemic treatment with MTX is an effective treatment for patients who wish to preserve their fallopian tubes without undergoing surgery. This form of treatment can help avoid surgical procedures that may damage the fallopian tubes and improve fertility prospects. If choosing surgery, we believe that opting for salpingostomy without tubal suturing could reduce the operation time and minimize damage.

Management of Hydrosalpinx in the Era of Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effect of hydrosalpinx on pregnancy outcomes, to compare different types of management of hydrosalpinx and their impact on pregnancy rates as well as on the ovarian reserve. DATA SOURCES: Electronic search using Pubmed, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and including all published studies that examined tubal infertility and its management (assisted reproductive technology or surgery) as well as the effects on ovarian reserve. The following medical subject headings (Mesh) terms combinations were used: "fallopian tube disease," hydrosalpinx," "tubal or salpinx occlusion or obstruction," "in vitro fertilization," "fallopian tube surgery," "salpingectomy," "salpingostomy," "infertility," "subfertility," "sterility" and "ovarian reserve." METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: All randomized trials, cohort, and case controls studies were included. We excluded review articles, meeting abstracts, case series and case reports, and abstracts without access to full texts. The search was limited to trials in humans and published in English. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Our electronic search initially retrieved 6354 articles. Finally, 19 studies were included in the quantitative evaluation of the effects of hydrosalpinx: 23 in the qualitative evaluation and 5 in the quantitative evaluation of different types of hydrosalpinx treatments; and 17 in the quantitative evaluation of ovarian reserve. The presence of a hydrosalpinx was associated with decreased rates of implantation and clinical pregnancy, and increased rates of ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage. Management of hydrosalpinx with salpingectomy, tubal occlusion, or hydrosalpinx aspiration led to better in vitro fertilization pregnancy rates. We found no difference in ovarian response to stimulation after salpingectomy except a decrease in antimüllerian hormone compared to no surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of hydrosalpinx is associated with decreased pregnancy rate and increased rates of ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage. Management of hydrosalpinx, regardless of the type of treatment, leads to an increased chance of pregnancy.

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Surgical Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy with Salpingectomy versus Salpingostomy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the fertility outcomes of salpingectomy compared with those of salpingostomy among patients treated for tubal ectopic pregnancies, including a separate analysis of women with risk factors along with a review of the surgical technique. DATA SOURCES: Systematic review and meta-analysis from 1990 to the present through PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Ovid MEDLINE. The search string included "tubal pregnancy" or "ectopic" as well as "salpingectomy" and various terms describing salpingotomy. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: Articles studying women who underwent surgical management of an ectopic pregnancy and the contrasted outcomes of salpingectomy vs salpingostomy were reviewed. The primary outcomes included subsequent intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) and repeat ectopic pregnancy (REP). TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which consisted mostly of patients classified as low risk, and patients from 16 cohort studies were included. In the RCTs, there was no significant difference in the odds of subsequent IUP in patients who underwent a salpingectomy compared with those who were treated with salpingotomy (odds ratio [OR] 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-1.33). However, a significant and clinically meaningful difference was noted in the cohort studies, with the patients having a lower chance of IUP after salpingectomy (OR 0.45; 95% CI, 0.39-0.52). No significant difference was noted in the OR for a REP in the randomized trials (OR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.41-1.47), but the patients followed in the cohort studies had a cumulatively higher risk of REP after a salpingostomy (OR 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60-0.90). The subgroup analysis examining women within the studies with risk factors for tubal pathology found an even more impressive lowering in the odds of a subsequent IUP in patients classified as at-risk who were treated with salpingectomy (OR 0.30; 95% CI, 0.17-0.54), with a change in the direction of the odds for an REP rate favoring those who were treated with salpingostomy (OR 1.96; 95% CI, 0.88-4.35). CONCLUSION: Salpingectomy has clear advantages over salpingostomy, and RCTs consisting mainly of patients classified as low risk show no difference in outcomes between salpingectomy and salpingostomy. However, in cohort studies inclusive of all patients, the likelihood of a subsequent spontaneous IUP is decreased in patients treated with salpingectomy, and salpingostomies may be especially underused in women with risk factors for tubal disease.

Interstitial Pregnancy after Ipsilateral Salpingectomy: Analysis of 46 Cases and a Literature Review.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between previous ipsilateral salpingectomy and interstitial pregnancy and report on our experience of laparoscopic cornuostomy for interstitial pregnancy. DESIGN: Single-center, retrospective review. SETTING: University-based hospital. PATIENTS: All patients who had undergone ipsilateral salpingectomy previously, diagnosed with interstitial pregnancy and treated between July 2010 and September 2018. INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopy or laparotomy as a treatment for interstitial pregnancy after ipsilateral salpingectomy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 414 cases of interstitial pregnancy were identified, of which 46 (11.1%) were after ipsilateral salpingectomy. Of the 46 patients, 20 (43.5%) became pregnant by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Ipsilateral salpingectomy was the result of an ectopic pregnancy in 40 patients, hydrosalpinx in 5 patients, and torsion of an ovarian tumor in 1 patient. The laparoscopic approach was used to treat 78.3% of patients with history of previous salpingectomy. Patients who underwent ipsilateral salpingectomy by laparoscopy previously had a shorter interval from salpingectomy to interstitial pregnancy (24 months vs 60 months; p = .038) compared with patients who underwent ipsilateral salpingectomy by laparotomy. Laparoscopic cornuostomy was performed in 38 patients (82.6%); 12 had fetal cardiac activity, 15 had ruptured masses, and 16 used prophylactic methotrexate (MTX) intraoperatively. The median size of the ectopic mass was 2.5 cm (1.0-5.0 cm). At the time of laparoscopic cornuostomy, more patients with interstitial pregnancies with intact ectopic masses were administered prophylactic MTX (81.3% vs 45.5%; p = .043). Only 1 patient with a ruptured ectopic mass, high preoperative human chorionic gonadotropin levels, and without prophylactic MTX administration experienced a persistent ectopic pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Patients with a history of ipsilateral salpingectomy should be cautioned regarding the possibility of interstitial pregnancy. Laparoscopic cornuostomy appears to be an appropriate treatment for interstitial pregnancy in patients wishing to preserve fertility, and the use of concomitant prophylactic MTX may reduce the risk of persistent ectopic pregnancy, especially in patients with ruptured masses and high human chorionic gonadotropin levels.

Analysis of pregnancy outcome after anastomosis of oviduct and its influencing factors.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the influencing factors of pregnancy after laparoscopic oviduct anastomosis. METHODS: The data of 156 cases of laparoscopic oviduct anastomosis in our hospital were analyzed. RESULTS: The pregnancy rate decreased with age (P < 0.005). The pregnancy rate after six years of anastomosis was higher in those with ligation (P < 0.005). The postoperative pregnancy rate significantly increased in subjects with oviduct lengths of > 7 cm (P < 0.01). The pregnancy rate of isthmus end-to-end anastomosis was higher (P < 0.005). The pregnancy rate after bilateral tubal recanalization was higher than that after unilateral tubal recanalization (P < 0.005). The pregnancy rate after laparoscopic tubal ligation and laparoscopic anastomosis was higher than that of open tubal ligation and laparoscopic anastomosis (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: The pregnancy rate after laparoscopic oviduct anastomosis is higher in subjects below 35 years old, with a ligation duration of < 6 years, and a length of oviduct of > 7 cm, and those who underwent isthmus anastomosis and laparoscopic oviduct ligation and recanalization.

Partial tubal devascularisation: a novel procedure for tubal conservation in ectopic pregnancy.

Ectopic pregnancy is a serious condition that complicates 1-2% of pregnancies. Using surgical management is efficient, but may have an impact on future fertility. Although conservative tubal surgery has not been shown to have a significant advantage over a salpingectomy in terms of the future fertility potential, the conservative surgical techniques remain widely-utilised, particularly in the context of a contralateral diseased or absent tube. We hereby report a case series of a novel procedure to conserve the fallopian tube with the minimal risk of an incisional site bleeding through a partial segmental devascularisation. This technique seems to be an efficient method to minimise the intraoperative bleeding, limit the need for a blood transfusion, and yields a higher success rate of the procedure without jeopardising the blood supply and vitality of the tubes. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Conservative surgery has a significant value in women with a contralateral absent or diseased tube. However, a conservative management could be challenging due to the significant bleeding which can be encountered during the surgery. What the results of this study add? The partial devascularisation technique could achieve an adequate haemostasis by blocking the ascending blood supply only to the affected segment of the fallopian tube. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? A partial devascularisation is a successful conservative surgical treatment option in most patients when the procedure is indicated.

Factors Predicting Persistent Ectopic Pregnancy After Laparoscopic Salpingostomy or Salpingotomy for Tubal Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To identify factors predictive of persistent ectopic pregnancy (PEP) in women who have undergone laparoscopic salpingostomy or salpingotomy for tubal pregnancy. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Ninety-nine women who underwent laparoscopic tubal preservation surgery for ectopic pregnancy. INTERVENTIONS: Seventy women underwent laparoscopic salpingostomy, and the remaining 29 women underwent laparoscopic salpingotomy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Factors predicting PEP were evaluated. The change in serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG) levels from baseline observed between postoperative days 5 and 10 (ChCGD5-10) was a predictor of PEP (odds ratio [OR], 0.80; p = .01). Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a cutoff value of 93.1% was determined, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.95 (sensitivity, 85.7%; specificity, 100%). Nonetheless, when considering perioperative variables only, body mass index (BMI) was identified as a predictor of PEP (OR, 0.71; p = .03). Based on the ROC analysis, a BMI cutoff value of ≤22 kg/m2 was determined, with an ROC area of 0.73 (sensitivity, 43.2%; specificity, 100%). In addition, a higher baseline ß-hCG level (hazard ratio [HR], 1.0002; p = .009) and left tubal pregnancy (HR, 6.46; p = .03) were predictive of recurrent ectopic pregnancy. There were no differences in the perioperative outcomes, PEP rates, or subsequent intrauterine pregnancy rates between the salpingostomy and salpingotomy groups. In addition, surgical method was not a predictor of recurrent ectopic pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: ChCGD5-10 was identified as a predictor for PEP, suggesting that it might be more clinically useful for the follow-up of PEP. When considering perioperative variables only, BMI was a predictor for PEP. In addition, there was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between the salpingostomy and salpingotomy groups.

New Evidence to Guide Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis and Management.

IMPORTANCE: Ectopic pregnancy is a leading source of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy, accounting for 1% to 2% of all pregnancies. Timely diagnosis and management of these abnormal gestations are vital to patient safety. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe recent evidence in the risk factors, diagnosis, and management of ectopic pregnancy. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Comprehensive review of the published literature. RESULTS: Recent literature describes newly identified risk factors for ectopic pregnancy, particularly those specific to assisted reproduction. Furthermore, evidence mounts for the utility of endometrial sampling for the diagnosis of pregnancy location, allowing a significant proportion of women to avoid methotrexate by diagnosing failing intrauterine pregnancies instead. Finally, recent, high-level evidence supports (in women with normal contralateral fallopian tubes) the equivalence of salpingectomy and salpingostomy regarding rates of subsequent intrauterine pregnancy and recurrent ectopic pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: While serial serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels and transvaginal ultrasound are the mainstays of ectopic pregnancy diagnosis, recent publications revisit the utility of endometrial sampling in diagnosing pregnancy location, using manual vacuum aspiration instead of the criterion-standard dilation and curettage. Expectant management of ectopic pregnancies is the subject of ongoing research, and in the meantime, treatment remains medical or surgical (dependent on clinical parameters and patient preference); salpingostomy and salpingectomy provide equivalent subsequent pregnancy outcomes in women with contralateral fallopian tubes in place.

Comparación de embarazos ectópicos tubarios y cirugía laparoscópica por incisión transversal con la incisión longitudinal / Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy and Laparoscopic Transverse Incision Surgery Compared To Longitudinal Incision

Introducción: el manejo y tratamiento del embarazo ectópico ha evolucionado en los últimos años de forma impresionante. Actualmente predomina una terapia conservadora, tanto médica como quirúrgica. Esta última, se manifiesta en función de la fertilidad a pesar del incremento de las afecciones tubárica. Objetivo: determinar el uso de la técnica de salpingostomía transversal con respecto al número de embarazos intrauterinos y recidivas posteriores. Métodos: se realizó un estudio experimental, prospectivo y longitudinal, en pacientes con diagnóstico de embarazo ectópico desde el año 2007 hasta el año 2012 en el Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Quirúrgicas. Esta población quedó conformada por 251 pacientes en edad fértil, que acudieron al Cuerpo de Guardia del Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Quirúrgicas por presentar dolor en bajo vientre, sangramiento uterino anormal y/o amenorrea, a quienes se les realizó laparoscopía diagnóstica. De ellas, 204 fueron diagnosticadas de embarazo ectópico, con 167 ampulares. La totalidad de las mujeres a las que se realizó la salpingostomía transversal mostraron interés en conservar la fertilidad. La muestra control quedó constituida por 200 pacientes que presentaron embarazo ectópico ampulares. Estas pacientes fueron sometidas a la técnica de cirugía conservadora longitudinal, en un periodo inmediato anterior, 2004-2007. Resultados: se demostró que por la técnica de salpingostomía transversal se logró un mayor número de embarazos intrauterinos (60) y menos recidivas de ectópicos (10), con valores altamente significativos respecto a la salpingostomía lineal. Conclusiones: el beneficio de realizar la técnica de salpingostomía transversal, respecto al número de embarazos logrados fue cuatro veces superior al riesgo de desarrollar recidivas o complicaciones en el período de un año(AU)

Introduction: The management and treatment of ectopic pregnancy has evolved dramatically in recent years. Presently, conservative therapy, both medical and surgical, prevails. The latter is manifested as a function of fertility despite the increase in tubal conditions. Objective: Determine the use of the transverse salpingostomy technique with respect to the number of intrauterine pregnancies and subsequent relapses. Methods: An experimental, longitudinal and prospective study was performed in patients diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy from 2007 to 2012 at Center for Medical-Surgical Research. 251 patients of childbearing age were the population of this study and they came to Center for Medical-Surgical Research emergency room for having low-grade pain, abnormal uterine bleeding and / or amenorrhea, who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy.This population consisted of 251 patients of childbearing age, who came to the Center for Medical-Surgical Research Guard Corps for having pain in the lower abdomen, abnormal uterine bleeding and / or amenorrhea. They underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. 204 of them were diagnosed of ectopic pregnancy, with 167 ampullaries. All women who underwent transverse salpingostomy showed interest in preserving fertility. 200 patients were the control sample ant they presented with ampullary ectopic pregnancy. These patients underwent longitudinal conservative surgery in an immediate previous period (2004-2007). Results: It was demonstrated that by the transverse salpingostomy technique, greater number of intrauterine pregnancies were achieved (60); fewer ectopic recurrences (10) with highly significant values ​​with respect to linear salpingostomy. Conclusions: The benefit of using transverse salpingostomy technique in relation to the number of pregnancies achieved was 4 times higher than the risk of developing relapses or complications in the period of one year(AU)

IMELDA transvaginal approach to ectopic pregnancy: diagnosis by transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy and treatment by transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate a new minimally invasive approach for the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy. DESIGN: Stepwise explanation of the technique using original video footage. SETTING: Hospital. PATIENT(S): Since 2014, 15 patients were treated transvaginally for ectopic pregnancy and pregnancy of unknown location (PUL). INTERVENTION(S): In case of a diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy on ultrasound, a 2.5-cm colpotomy is made under general anesthesia, and the ectopic pregnancy is treated by transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) salpingectomy or salpingostomy. In case of a PUL on ultrasound, transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy (TVHL), an established technique for fertility exploration under local or general anesthesia, is used to investigate. If a tubal pregnancy is confirmed on TVHL, the colpotomy is extended to a 2.5-cm incision, and the ectopic pregnancy is treated transvaginally by vNOTES. If the TVHL investigation of the pelvis is negative (fallopian tubes and ovaries are normal), the procedure is stopped and the patient is followed up further. If the TVHL is inconclusive, the NaCl is drained and CO2 is insufflated (requiring general anesthesia) through the 4-mm TVHL port to improve visualization. Again, an ectopic pregnancy is then treated by vNOTES, and in case of a negative investigation the procedure is stopped and the patient is followed up further. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Successful diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancies. RESULT(S): All patients were successfully operated without complications or conversions to standard laparoscopy. Twelve patients were treated by vNOTES for ectopic pregnancy. Three TVHL explorations for PUL were negative, and these patients were followed up; two patients developed a normal intrauterine pregnancy, and the third patient was treated with methotrexate for persistent asymptomatic raised hCG levels. CONCLUSION(S): Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy and vNOTES are complementary techniques enabling gynecologic surgeons to explore PUL and treat ectopic pregnancies via minimally invasive transvaginal access without abdominal incisions. A negative TVHL investigation leaves only a 4-mm perforation in the pouch of Douglas that does not require suturing. The IMELDA technique for the investigation and treatment of PUL and ectopic pregnancy is a novel approach that requires further investigation. It can provide improved patient comfort and better cosmetic results.

Technical Video: Bilateral Tubal Adhesiolysis With Cuff Salpingostomy.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To show the steps involved in a bilateral tubal adhesiolysis and cuff salpingostomy. DESIGN: Technical video showing tubal adhesiolysis and cuff salpingostomy in a step-by-step approach. SETTING: Minimal Access Therapy Training Unit, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK, a tertiary referral unit for complex gynecologic endoscopic surgery. INTERVENTIONS: A 38-year-old woman presented with left-sided pelvic pain and primary infertility for 13 years. An ultrasound scan showed bilateral hydrosalpinges with suspected adnexal adhesions. Hysterosalpingography did not show spill of dye. After counseling, she opted to have tubal adhesiolysis and bilateral cuff salpingostomy. CONCLUSION: Tubal surgery for occlusion has become less popular because of the superior success rates of assisted reproductive techniques. As a result, tubal surgery may eventually become a historic operation. However, in cases of distal tubal blockage after adhesionlysis and cuff salpingostomy or neosalpingostomy, pregnancy rates up to 35% have been reported in the literature. Furthermore, performing a bilateral salpingectomy instead in these cases renders a patient entirely dependent on assisted reproductive techniques for tubal factor infertility. Therefore, a bilateral cuff salpingostomy should be considered in a select group of patients.

Effect of second-look laparoscopy on subsequent fertility outcome after laparoscopic salpingostomy for tubal pregnancy: a randomized controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the potential value of second-look laparoscopy (SLL) in improving fertility outcomes after laparoscopic salpingostomy for tubal pregnancy. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University. PATIENTS: 216 women with future birth demand who underwent laparoscopic salpingostomy for tubal pregnancy. INTERVENTIONS: SLL was performed in the SLL group at 3 months after the primary surgery. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: In both the SLL and control groups, the subjects were assigned to a slight adhesion (SLA) or severe adhesion (SEA) subgroup. At 3-year follow-up, the fertility outcomes were compared between the SLL and control groups and also between the SLA and SEA subgroups. The intrauterine pregnancy rate was higher in the SLL group compared with the control group (63.1% vs 48.6%; p = .032), and the incidence of recurrent ectopic pregnancy was lower in the SLL group than in the control group (6.3% vs 16.2%; p = .021). In the control group, the cumulative pregnancy rate was higher in the SLA subgroup compared with the SEA subgroup (p = .017), but in the SLL group, the cumulative pregnancy rate did not differ between the 2 subgroups (p = .502). The cumulative pregnancy rate was higher in the SEA subgroup of the SLL group compared with the SEA subgroup of the control group (p = .014), but did not differ between the SLA subgroup of the SLL group and the SLA subgroup of the control group (p = .456). CONCLUSION: SLL may improve subsequent fertility outcome after laparoscopic salpingostomy for tubal pregnancy, and may be especially recommended for women with severe and extensive pelvic adhesions.

Fallopian tube stripping forceps: a novel instrumental design for distal tubal pregnancy laparoscopy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare a new method using fallopian tube stripping forceps (FTSF) for salpingostomy in laparoscopic tubal pregnancy management. STUDY DESIGN: Comparative observational study. A total of 102 patients with ampullary tubal pregnancy were treated as follows: 56 patients (Group 1) underwent stripping by FTSF, and 46 patients (Group 2) underwent salpingostomy. The bleeding, operation time, persistent ectopic pregnancy (EP) rate, and the first reproductive performance were investigated. RESULTS: We found less intraoperative bleeding, shorter operation times, and lower rates of EP recurrence in Group 1 compared with Group 2. In contrast, we observed no significant differences in the persistent EP rate, the occurrences of spontaneous intrauterine pregnancy and miscarriage, and the rates of successful IVF between the two groups. CONCLUSION: For distal tubal pregnancy with an ectopic mass ≤30mm, laparoscopic fallopian tube stripping assisted by FTSF may be an easy, less-damaging, conservative operational modality with lower recurrent EP compared with salpingostomy for patients who desire future pregnancy.

Laparoscopic surgery for distal tubal occlusions: lessons learned from a historical series of 434 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the success rate of laparoscopic neosalpingostomy and the factors affecting the results in terms of intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), delivery (DEL), and ectopic pregnancy (EP). DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospectively recorded data. SETTING: Private practice. PATIENT(S): A total of 434 consecutive infertile patients from 21 to 42 years old with a follow-up of more than 10 years. INTERVENTION(S): Laparoscopic neosalpingostomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Intrauterine pregnancy, delivery, and EP rates obtained without requiring IVF. Statistical analysis includes univariate and multivariate analysis and crude and actuarial success rates. RESULT(S): Just over one-quarter (28.8%) of the patients presented an IUP, 24.4% delivered, and 9% presented with an EP. The 5-year actuarial rate of delivery was 37%. This rate was largely dependent on the tubal stage (stage 1: 53.1%; stage 2: 43.1%; stage 3: 24.0%; stage 4: 23.1%). Forty-three percent of the expected IUPs started in the first year, and 75% started in the first two years. Multivariate analysis found some poor-prognosis patterns for tubal stage 3 (odds ratio [OR] 0.24), tubal stage 4 (OR 0.28), repeated neosalpingostomy (OR 0.168), previous EP (OR 0.202), severe adhesion stage (OR 0.211), and positive chlamydial serology (OR 0.515). Eversion with sutures provides nonsignificantly better results (OR 1.63) compared with eversion with coagulation. CONCLUSION(S): Neosalpingostomy must not be proposed in selected cases according to the tubal stage, adhesion stage, and chlamydial serology. When neosalpingostomy is performed, fimbrial eversion with sutures provides slightly better results.

El embarazo ectópico: su interés actual en Atención Primaria de Salud / Ectopic pregnancy: Its current interest in Primary Health Care

El embarazo ectópico es la implantación y desarrollo del óvulo fecundado fuera de la cavidad endometrial. Su incidencia ha aumentado en los últimos 30 a˜nos, y aunque ha disminuido su morbimortalidad, es la primera causa actual de mortalidad en el primer trimestre del embarazo. Su sospecha precoz es importante, ante toda mujer en edad fértil y con factores de riesgo indicativos de una gestación extrauterina. La sintomatología suele ser amenorrea, abdominalgia, metrorragia, síntomas generales de gestación, e incluso síncope y shock. El diagnóstico del embarazo ectópico se basa en los datos clínicos, resultados analíticos en sangre y orina maternas, estudio sonográfico, culdocentesis, inspección laparoscópica o laparotómica y estudio histológico. El tratamiento puede ser quirúrgico (salpingostomía o salpingectomía), médico (metotrexato) o expectante, dependiendo de los factores del embarazo ectópico: precocidad diagnóstica, presencia de complicaciones agudas, condición clínica de la paciente, etc (AU)

An ectopic pregnancy is the implantation and development of the ovum fertilized outside the endometrial cavity. Its incidence has increased in the last 30 years, and although its morbimortality has decreased, it is still the first cause of mortality in the first trimester of the pregnancy. Early suspicion is important, particularly in women of fertile age and with risk factors indicative of an extrauterine gestation. The symptomatology is usually amenorrhea, abdominal pain, metrorrhagia, general pregnancy symptoms, and even syncope and shock. The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is based on the clinical information, analytical results on mother blood and urine, ultrasound examination, transvaginal culdocentesis, laparoscopic or laparotomic inspection, and a histological study (AU)

[Ectopic pregnancy: Its current interest in Primary Health Care]. / El embarazo ectópico: su interés actual en Atención Primaria de Salud.

An ectopic pregnancy is the implantation and development of the ovum fertilized outside the endometrial cavity. Its incidence has increased in the last 30 years, and although its morbimortality has decreased, it is still the first cause of mortality in the first trimester of the pregnancy. Early suspicion is important, particularly in women of fertile age and with risk factors indicative of an extrauterine gestation. The symptomatology is usually amenorrhea, abdominal pain, metrorrhagia, general pregnancy symptoms, and even syncope and shock. The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is based on the clinical information, analytical results on mother blood and urine, ultrasound examination, transvaginal culdocentesis, laparoscopic or laparotomic inspection, and a histological study. The treatment can be surgical (salpingostomy or salpingectomy), medical (methotrexate) or expectant, depending on the factors of the ectopic pregnancy: early diagnosis, presence of acute complications, clinical condition of the patient, etc.

Safety and feasibility of a single-port laparoscopic adnexal surgery during pregnancy.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of single-port laparoscopic adnexal surgery during pregnancy. DESIGN: A retrospective study (Canadian Task Force Classification III). SETTING: A university hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 14 women with intrauterine pregnancy who underwent single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS). INTERVENTION: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 14 women with intrauterine pregnancy who underwent SPLS between November 2009 and September 2012 for the treatment of an adnexal mass. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Factors investigated included the duration of surgery, differences between preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin, the size of the mass as measured by ultrasonography, major intraoperative or postoperative complications, conversion to multiport laparoscopy, and pregnancy outcomes. Single-port laparoscopic adnexal surgery was successfully performed in all 14 pregnant patients with an adnexal mass. The median gestational age at operation was 9 weeks (range, 4 weeks-17 weeks 4 days). Procedures included ovarian cystectomy with or without detorsion (n = 9), cyst aspiration with detorsion (n = 2), salpingectomy (n = 2), and salpingostomy (n = 1). The median duration of surgery was 59 minutes (range, 36-84 minutes). No major intraoperative or postoperative complications were encountered, and there was no need for conversion to multiport laparoscopic surgery. Five women had spontaneous vaginal delivery, and 5 women underwent cesarean delivery at term. One woman had preterm delivery at a gestational age of 24 weeks 5 days. In 1 case, abortion occurred 2 weeks after the operation. CONCLUSION: Based on these initial findings, SPLS appears to be a safe and technically feasible treatment for an adnexal mass during pregnancy.