Evolución de la accesibilidad a los centros sanitarios en España. Seguimiento de los últimos setenta años / Evolution of the accessibility of health centers in spain. monitoring of the last seventy years

Introducción. La accesibilidad de la población a los centros sanitarios españoles ha ido evolucionando en las últimas décadas, ligada al estado de bienestar y a los cambios en las competencias en materia de salud. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir la evolución de la accesibilidad y su impacto en la población. Metodología. Se han utilizado bases bibliográficas para buscar los artículos relacionados con el objetivo de la revisión y comprendidos entre 1940 y 2013. Se han seleccionado aquellos artículos con mayor calidad y que ayudaban a construir la revisión del tema propuesto. Resultados. La accesibilidad a los centros sanitarios españoles está ligada a la evolución de la atención pública en los últimos setenta años. Por un lado, la aparición del Seguro Obligatorio de Enfermedad (SOE) y la creación de la Seguridad Social hicieron que casi el total de la población española tuviera cobertura sanitaria. Por otro lado, la aplicación de principios como los de justicia y equidad hicieron aflorar numerosos centros hospitalarios con la finalidad de acercar al máximo la asistencia a la población. En los inicios del siglo xxi, con un crecimiento desmesurado de centros hospitalarios y una crisis económica mundial, se constata la necesidad de ubicar los centros asistenciales de acuerdo con el principio de eficiencia económico-espacial o de racionalidad económica. Conclusiones. En un entorno actual de crisis se analizan las consecuencias de la hiperaccesibilidad (sistema sanitario insostenible, polimedicación de la población, etc.) y se busca un sistema sanitario más eficiente. También es necesario plantearse la relación existente entre la hiperaccesibilidad y la hiperfrecuentación de la población a los servicios sanitarios, así como la relación entre la hiperaccesibilidad y la polimedicación (AU)

Introduction: the accessibility of the population to health centers in Spain has evolved to over the past decades, linked to the welfare state and changes in the health skills. The aim of this review is to describe the evolution of accessibility and its impact on the population. Methodology: we used bibliographic databases to search for articles related to the purpose of reviewing and between 1940 and 2013. We have selected those items with higher quality and that helped to build the review of the proposed topic. Results: the accessibility to health centers in Spain is linked to the performance of public attention in the last seventy years. On the one hand, the appearance of Compulsory Health Insurance (SOE) and the creation of Social Security made almost all of the Spanish population had health coverage. On the other hand, the application of principles such as justice and equity brought to the surface many hospitals with the aim of bringing the most assistance to the population. In the early twenty-first century, with an enormous growth of hospitals and a global economic crisis, we see the need to locate health facilities under the principle of spatial economic efficiency or economic rationality. Conclusions: in a current environment of crisis, the consequences of hyperaccessibility are analyzed (unsustainable health system, population polypharmacy, etc. ) and a more efficient healthcare system is searched. It is also necessary to consider the relationship between the hyperaccessibility and the frequent attendance of population to the health services, and the relationship between hyperaccessibility and polypharmacy

Factors associated with the use of home-visit nursing services covered by the long-term care insurance in rural Japan: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: In Japan, there is a large increase in the number of elderly persons who potentially need home-visit nursing services (VNS). However, the number of persons using the VNS has increased only little in comparison to the number of individuals who use home social services, which are also covered by the Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) system. This cross-sectional study investigated the predictors of the VNS used under the LTCI system in Japan. METHODS: We used 1,580 claim data from all the users of community-based services and 1,574 interview survey data collected in 2001 from the six municipal bodies in Japan. After we merged the two datasets, 1,276 users of community-based services under the LTCI were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression models stratified by care needs levels were used for analysis. RESULTS: Only 8.3% of the study subjects were VNS users. Even among study participants within the higher care-needs level, only 22.0% were VNS users. In the lower care level group, people with a higher care level (OR: 3.50, 95% CI: 1.50-8.93), those whose condition needed long term care due to respiratory or heart disease (OR: 4.31, 95% CI: 1.88-89.20), those whose period of needing care was two years or more (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.14-3.48), those whose service plan was created by a medical care management agency (OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.31-4.33), those living with family (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.00-3.42), and those who use home-help services (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.17-3.83) were more likely to use the VNS. In the higher care level group, individuals with higher care level (OR: 3.63, 95% CI: 1.56-8.66), those with higher income (OR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.01-14.25), and those who had regular hospital visits before entering the LTCI (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.11-5.38) were more likely to use the VNS. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that VNS use is limited due to management by non-medical care management agencies, due to no caregivers being around or a low income household. The findings of this study provide valuable insight for LTCI policy makers: the present provision of VNS should be reconsidered.