A Qualitative Study of Barriers to Personal Protective Equipment Use among Laundry Workers in Government Hospitals, Hawassa, Ethiopia.

Background: The need to reduce the transmission of infectious diseases makes the use of personal protective equipment and safety medical devices compulsory among hospital laundry staff. The practice, however, remains to be low among hospital laundry staff members. Globally, not many studies seem to have been carried out to sufficiently tell us about the barriers to personal protective equipment use among hospital laundry workers. Related studies in Ethiopia are even fewer. This study assessed the barriers to personal protective equipment use among laundry staff of government hospitals in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: Two qualitative data-gathering methods-focus group discussions and key informant interviews-were used to collect data for this study. Eight focus group discussions were conducted with hospital laundry workers. Similarly, six key informant interviews were held with Infection Prevention and Patient Safety Officers. Thematic analysis was performed using Open Code 4.02. Result: Organizational- and individual-level barriers such as unavailability of essential personal protective equipment, a disharmonious work environment, low perception of susceptibility, and belief about personal protective equipment interference with work performance were identified as the major barriers to personal protective equipment use in the present study. Conclusion: Organizational- and individual-level barriers have been identified as causes for the low level of personal protective equipment use among hospital laundry workers. Therefore, improving institutional supplies in quantity and quality may have a positive implication for the improvement of infection prevention practices in the study area. Also, designing sustainable strategies and raising laundry workers' awareness of a safe work environment may lead to the improvement of infection prevention practices.

Assessment of Environmental Contamination with Pathogenic Bacteria at a Hospital Laundry Facility.

Little is known about exposure to pathogenic bacteria among industrial laundry workers who work with soiled clinical linen. To study worker exposures, an assessment of surface contamination was performed at an industrial laundry facility serving hospitals in Seattle, WA, USA. Surface swab samples (n = 240) from the environment were collected during four site visits at 3-month intervals. These samples were cultured for Clostridium difficile, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Voluntary participation of 23 employees consisted of nasal swabs for detection of MRSA, observations during work, and questionnaires. Contamination with all three pathogens was observed in both dirty (laundry handling prior to washing) and clean areas (subsequent to washing). The dirty area had higher odds of overall contamination (≥1 pathogen) than the clean area (odds ratio, OR = 18.0, 95% confidence interval 8.9-36.5, P < 0.001). The odds of contamination were high for each individual pathogen: C. difficile, OR = 15.5; MRSA, OR = 14.8; and VRE, OR = 12.6 (each, P < 0.001). The highest odds of finding surface contamination occurred in the primary and secondary sort areas where soiled linens were manually sorted by employees (OR = 63.0, P < 0.001). The study substantiates that the laundry facility environment can become contaminated by soiled linens. Workers who handle soiled linen may have a higher risk of exposure to C. difficile, MRSA, and VRE than those who handle clean linens. Improved protocols for prevention and reduction of environmental contamination were implemented because of this study.

White coats: how long should doctors wear them?

OBJECTIVES: While coat contamination increases progressively with the duration of use, there are no guidelines on how frequently medical white coats should be changed. The purpose of our study was to examine the turnover of individual batch of medical white coats in a university hospital. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the white coat turnover of 826 physicians was performed by using the hospital laundry computerized database and an electronic declarative survey (240 responses) to evaluate the duration of medical white coat use. RESULTS: There was a wide discrepancy between the data extracted from the laundry database and those from the survey. The median factual duration of use (20 days, range: 15-30) corresponding to a turnover of 2 (1-2) coats per month, was widely underestimated by the physicians. Multivariate analysis identified 4 independent factors associated with a declared use of coats longer than 7 days: estimation of insufficient gown turnover (OR 14.8 [4.8-45.8]), daily change considered as not useful (OR 5.1 [2.4-10.8]), non-medical specialty (OR 2.95 [1.5-5.6]) and presence of stains on gowns (2.9 [1.5-5.5]). CONCLUSION: Shortening white coat use should be included in medical education in order to improve the good practice rules of hospital hygiene.

Testing linen disinfection procedures in practice with phage-charged-bioindicators.

PURPOSE: Disinfecting laundry processes are essential to avoid contamination of laundering machines and linen during commercial laundry reprocessing in the health care sector. Recently a bacteriophage-charged bioindicator has been developed using MS2 as surrogate virus for testing of low-temperature disinfecting laundry processing on efficacy against viruses related to practice. This paper therefore aims to investigate application of MS2-bioindicators in chemothermal processes under practical conditions (phase 2/step 2) and in practice (phase 3). DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The experimental design was developed and modified according to the German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology (DGHM) Standard Methods for Testing Chemical Disinfection Processes. Tests under practical conditions were performed at 60 degrees C and 70 degrees C. Additional tests in tunnel washers were carried out at 60 degrees C and 70 degrees C. In all experiments validated disinfecting laundry processes, recommended for bactericidal and virucidal performance (categories A and B), were applied. FINDINGS: The results show a temperature-dependent gradual efficacy against the test virus MS2 up to reduction values of more than 8 log10-steps. Therefore MS2-bioindicators prove to be suitable as a tool to determine the performance of disinfection procedures against viruses in practice. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Phage-charged bioindicators may be a tool to provide further insights into the reliability of antiviral laundry processes for health care quality management and for infection control.

[General services]. / Servicios Generales.

The present article describes the activity performed by the medical support services and, more specifically, by operational services (which include mainly cleaning, laundry, and non-patient transport) and catering. We outline the normal activity of these services and then provide details of how they were affected on 11 March and subsequent days. Data relating to the Rehabilitation Centers and Ophthalmology Institute are not included as they were not significantly affected from the point of view discussed herein.

A reusable diaper evaluation within a children's hospital.

An evaluation of reusable diapers appears to hold promise for reducing costs and environmental waste within a children's hospital setting. Many factors, including economic, clinical, environmental, and logistical concerns, were considered in this study, which shows cost comparisons and survey assessment results from four separate alternatives. Although reusable diapers may be considered to be a better environmental choice, there are currently not enough overriding incentives to make a switch at this time.

Reducing linen usage at the Methodist Hospitals: changing from flat to fitted sheets benefits patients and bottom line.

PROJECT: Reducing waste associated with unnecessary linen use. Principals: Patient care directors from two hospital campuses, manager of the laundry department, and director of environmental services. Process Improvement Method: An organizational change model being applied throughout Methodist Hospitals, based on the work of Dr. Gerard Egan at Loyola University in Chicago. Timeline: Begun: January 1991. RESULTS reported here: August 1991-August 1992. Key Findings or Improvements: The hospital's routine bed-making policies, which called for changing sheets, mattress pads, and bedspreads daily, were wasteful and unnecessary. Patients disliked flat sheets that bunched up, and nurses spent valuable time having to constantly smooth the sheets. Product innovations made fitted sheets, previously rejected, a cost effective alternative. RESULTS: By switching to an "as needed" linen change policy, the Laundry Department received 1,296 fewer pounds of laundry per day and more than 473,000 fewer pounds per year, despite stable occupancy. The resulting cost savings were invested in the improved product (fitted sheets) and a new delivery system (sealed linen packs). Nurses report increased patient comfort from new sheets and reduced nursing time to straighten bunched sheets.

A cost-accounting system used in a hospital-related laundry facility.

A laundry facility supplying linen to several hospitals needs to keep a good account of the numbers of different types of linen which enter and leave its premises so as to allocate the costs fairly and equitably among member hospitals. This task is made difficult by the problem of errors in counting due to high volume, different sizes and shapes of linen pieces, and human error in sorting. An electronic counting system has been installed in the premises to facilitate the process of counting, and this paper describes an approach for correcting the counting errors by applying factors that account for the inherent error in the system. These factors are estimated from sampling the contents of the sorted linen and statistical analysis of the resulting data. An efficient sampling scheme is proposed.

Case study:-calender covers in a hospital laundry. Energy Efficiency Office, Department of Energy.

Whipps Cross Hospital laundry is typical of many laundries, both in the commercial sector and NHS, in that it uses old calenders which are substantially less efficient than more modern machines. Although calendering is a relatively efficient method of moisture removal, the quantity of flatwork processed by this laundry means that the calendering section uses a significant proportion of the total laundry energy consumption. In common with many other laundries, the four calenders were producing a great deal of airborne lint which required expensive cleaning at regular intervals, and made the working environment uncomfortable, reducing the performance and morale of the operators. In an effort to improve this situation, covers were fitted to all the calenders in early 1989. These were claimed to improve energy efficiency by reducing the heat losses from the calender's upper surfaces and to improve the local atmosphere by reducing the quantity of lint and moist air escaping into the laundry. This case study examines the savings (both energy savings and others) achieved by the installation of the covers, and assesses any drawbacks which may have become apparent after extended use.