Enfermeras e matronas: sobrecargadas de trabajo, mal pagadas e infravaloradas? / Nurses and midwives: overworked, underpaid, undervalued?

En mayo se celebra el Día Internacional de la Matrona y el Día Internacional de la Enfermera, dos grupos de trabajadores que desempeñan funciones esenciales en cualquier sistema sanitario. Sin embargo, ambas profesiones -dominadas por mujeres- se caracterizan por largas jornadas laborales y bajos salarios. ¿Qué se puede hacer para mejorar las condiciones de trabajo y ayudar a enfermeras y matronas a prestar a los pacientes unos cuidados de la máxima calidad?(AU)

Prevalence and utilization of company integration management in Germany: Results of the 2018 BiBB/BAuA survey of employed persons.

OBJECTIVES: This secondary analysis aims to investigate the implementation of the legally required company integration management ("BEM") in case of an incapacity for work of at least six weeks and to identify predictors. METHODS: Database is the representative randomized 2018 BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey of 20 012 employed persons in Germany. RESULTS: Of the 1367 employees entitled to company integration management, 40% received an offer from their employer and 27% accepted it. In the public sector, half of those who were entitled reported an offer. Among those entitled to company integration management, employees under the age of 30, at risk of dismissal, or with fixed-term employment contract received an offer particularly rarely. Entitled employees with disabilities or in companies with works/staff councils received disproportionately often an offer of company integration management. Logistic regression analyses reveal strong associations between company integration management offer and the duration of incapacity to work. The probability of receiving an offer is almost halved for those entitled in medium-sized compared to small companies. The higher the level of educational qualification, the higher are odds ratios for an offer. In companies in which employees were less or not satisfied with their work overall, the chance of a company integration management offer is significantly reduced almost by half. The chance of an offer is more than three times higher in companies with workplace health promotion compared to those without. CONCLUSIONS: Only a minority of eligible employees received an offer that is closely associated with health-promoting corporate culture and job satisfaction.

[Psychological examinations in occupational health services: Legal regulations. Part II]. / Badania psychologiczne w sluzbie medycyny pracy ­ regulacje prawne: czesc II.

This paper constitutes a continuation of the critical analysis of legal aspects of psychological examinations in some group of workers. In this part the appeal procedure, documentation, costs of examinations and supervision are discussed. The analysis has shown many deficiencies in regulations related to all aspects of psychological examinations. They arise from incoherence of legal regulations and the lack of regulations of some questions. This legal standing is restricted to occupational work and adversely affects the quality of supplied services. Therefore acts of law and regulations relevant to psychological examinations for the purpose of fitness-to-work certification need necessary adjustments. According to authors it is desirable to end the legal procedure amending the act of law on a profession of psychology and the self-government of psychologists, as well as to develop and implement executive regulations. Med Pr 2018;69(6):673-684.

[Psychological examinations in occupational health services: Legal regulations. Part I]. / Badania psychologiczne w sluzbie medycyny pracy ­ regulacje prawne: czesc I.

In Poland psychological assessment for the purpose of fitness-to-work certification is regulated by the law. In the majority of cases, only psychologists registered with the occupational health services are authorized to conduct the assessment procedures. In this study 32 legal documents (17 acts and 15 directives) have been analyzed to identify the most problematic issues pertaining to psychological examination and to suggest certain changes in the regulations, as well as to raise the psychologists' awareness of the legal aspects of their work. Due to the number of the topics explored, the results of the study will be published as two separate, yet related articles. The first one concentrates on the qualifications of psychologists, the examination reference process, the aim and scope of the psychological assessment, and the validity of the assessment results. In part II other issues, not directly related to the diagnostic process, will be discussed. Med Pr 2018;69(5):561-572.

[Occupational health in China, an emerging issue]. / La santé au travail en Chine, une préoccupation naissante.

In Chinese factories, the prevention of occupational illness is inadequate. Public authorities have only recently started to pay attention to the issue. Individual and collective protection measures need to be developed, employees made aware of the issues and controls improved.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of New York City Health Policy Initiatives in Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Mortality, 1990-2011.

Beginning in 2002, New York City (NYC) implemented numerous policies and programs targeting cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Using death certificates, we analyzed trends in NYC-specific and US mortality rates from 1990 to 2011 for all causes, any CVD, atherosclerotic CVD (ACVD), coronary artery disease (CAD), and stroke. Joinpoint analyses quantified annual percent change (APC) and evaluated whether decreases in CVD mortality accelerated after 2002 in either NYC or the total US population. Our analyses included 1,149,217 NYC decedents. The rates of decline in mortality from all causes, any CVD, and stroke in NYC did not change after 2002. Among men, the decline in ACVD mortality accelerated during 2002-2011 (APC = -4.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI): -6.1, -3.4) relative to 1990-2001 (APC = -2.3%, 95% CI: -3.1, -1.5). Among women, ACVD rates began declining more rapidly in 1993 (APC = -3.2%, 95% CI: -3.8, -2.7) and again in 2006 (APC = -6.6%, 95% CI: -8.9, -4.3) as compared with 1990-1992 (APC = 1.6%, 95% CI: -2.7, 6.0). In the US population, no acceleration of mortality decline was observed in either ACVD or CAD mortality rates after 2002. Relative to 1990-2001, atherosclerotic CVD and CAD rates began to decline more rapidly during the 2002-2011 period in both men and women-a pattern not observed in the total US population, suggesting that NYC initiatives might have had a measurable influence on delaying or reducing ACVD mortality.

El papel de la administración laboral como puente entre el conocimiento y la ciudadanía: la experiencia del Institut Català de Seguretat i Salut Laboral / El paper de l’administració laboral com a pont entre el coneixement i la ciutadania: l’experiència de l’Institut Català de Seguretat i Salut Laboral / The role of the occupational health administration as a bridge between knowledge and the citizenry: the experience

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Occupational health nurses: interdisciplinary experience in occupational health. / Enfermeiros do trabalho: experiência interdisciplinar em saúde do trabalhador.

OBJECTIVE:: to analyze the relationship of occupational health nurses with the other members of the Specialized Service in Safety Engineering and Occupational Medicine (SESMT) and characterize joint actions of these professionals in occupational health. METHOD:: qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study with 34 professionals of seven companies from the South Macroregion of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Interviews and observations were conducted for content analysis of Bardin. RESULTS:: the SESMTs are multidisciplinary and intersectoral workers. Nurses have working relations of an interpersonal, technical/legal, and management of logistics/organizational nature, influenced by the technical division of work and by the division in the work environment of the staff, which distances areas, generates conflicts, and fragments the actions of the service. CONCLUSION:: SESMT faces challenges to develop a work befitting their legal objectives, once staff and companies need to understand the importance of interdisciplinarity for the success of actions on the workers' health and safety.

Enfermeiros do trabalho: experiência interdisciplinar em saúde do trabalhador / Enfermeros del trabajo: experiencia interdisciplinaria en salud ocupacional / Occupational health nurses: interdisciplinary experience in occupational health

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a relação profissional dos enfermeiros do trabalho com os demais integrantes do Serviço Especializado em Engenharia de Segurança e em Medicina do Trabalho (SESMT) e caracterizar ações conjuntas desses profissionais em saúde do trabalhador. Método: qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, com 34 profissionais de sete empresas da Macrorregião Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. Realizadas entrevistas e observações para Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: os SESMTs são multiprofissionais e intersetoriais. Os enfermeiros possuem relações de trabalho de natureza interpessoal, técnica/jurídica, de gestão e logística/organizacional, influenciadas pela divisão tanto técnica do trabalho quanto do próprio ambiente de trabalho da equipe, o que distancia áreas, gera conflitos e fragmenta as ações do serviço. Conclusão: há desafios para que o SESMT desenvolva um trabalho condizente com os seus objetivos legais, uma vez que equipe e empresas precisam compreender a importância da interdisciplinaridade para o sucesso das ações na atenção à saúde e segurança do trabalhador.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la relación profesional de los enfermeros del trabajo con otros miembros del Servicio Especializado en Ingeniería de Seguridad y Medicina del Trabajo (SESMT) y caracterizar las acciones conjuntas de estos profesionales de la salud ocupacional. Método: estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo con 34 profesionales de siete empresas de la Macro Región Sur, estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Se realizaron entrevistas y observaciones para análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: los SESMT son multidisciplinarios e intersectoriales. Los enfermeros tienen relaciones de trabajo de naturaleza interpersonal, técnica/legal, de gestión y logística/organizacional influenciados por la divisióntécnica del trabajo y el propio entorno de trabajo en equipo, lo quecrea distanciaentre las zonas,conflictos y fragmenta las acciones del servicio. Conclusión: existen desafíos para el SESMT desarrollar un trabajo consistente con sus objetivos legales, pues el personal y las empresas necesitan entender la importancia de la interdisciplinariedad para el éxito de las acciones de atención de salud y seguridad del trabajador.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the relationship of occupational health nurses with the other members of the Specialized Service in Safety Engineering and Occupational Medicine (SESMT) and characterize joint actions of these professionals in occupational health. Method: qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study with 34 professionals of seven companies from the South Macroregion of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Interviews and observations were conducted for content analysis of Bardin. Results: the SESMTs are multidisciplinary and intersectoral workers. Nurses have working relations of an interpersonal, technical/legal, and management of logistics/organizational nature, influenced by the technical division of work and by the division in the work environment of the staff, which distances areas, generates conflicts, and fragments the actions of the service. Conclusion: SESMT faces challenges to develop a work befitting their legal objectives, once staff and companies need to understand the importance of interdisciplinarity for the success of actions on the workers' health and safety.

[History of mandatory (set by decree) preliminary and periodic medical examinations of workers in hazardous work conditions].

The article deals with over a hunderd years history of foundation and pregress in organization and process of mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations of workers exposed to hazardous work conditions.

Conocimiento del "Reglamento de seguridad y salud en el trabajo" y el uso de equipos de protección personal en los trabajadores asistenciales del Policlínico Fiori EsSalud 2016 / Knowledge of the "Regulation of safety and health at work" and the use of personal protective equipment in the care workers of the Fiori EsSalud Polyclinic 2016

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre el nivel de cono cimientos del "Reglamento de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo" y el uso de Equipos de Protección Personal (EPP) en los trabajadores asistenciales del Policlínico Fiori Essalud 2016. El estudio fue observacional y correlacional. La población total fue de 63 trabajado res asistenciales: Médicos 14, Enfermeras 14, Técnicos asistencial 26, Tecnólogo medico 04, Odontólogo 03, Obstetras 02.Se utilizó un cuestionario de 30 ítems que evalúo conoci miento y uso de equipos de protección personal, instrumento validado por juicio de exper tos y con una alta confiabilidad (alfa de crombach=0.8). Los resultados señalan que el conocimiento del "Reglamento de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo" fue medio (76.2%) y que el uso de equipos de protección personal fue regu lar (57.1%). Para demostrar la existencia significativa de relación entre las variables de estudio se usó el método estadístico no paramétrico de Rho de Spearman. Se concluye que existe relación significativa entre los conocimiento del "Reglamento de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo" y el uso de equipos de protección personal (EPP) del personal asistencial del policlínico Essalud Fiori 2016 (correlación de Spearman=0.642, p< 0.000). Asimismo, existe relación entre los conocimiento del "Reglamento de Seguridad y Salud en el Traba jo" y las dimensiones "métodos de barrera" y "actos y prácticas inseguras" de la variable uso de equipos de protección personal (correlación de Spearman=0.498 y 0.471 respecti vamente, p< 0.000), asociación moderada y altamente significativa en ambos casos.

Retos profesionales y laborales de la sanidad penitenciaria / No disponible

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Sanciones por infracciones contra la salud y seguridad en el trabajo en empresas de Peru, 2011-2013 / Penalties for infringements against health and safety at work in companies of Peru, 2011-2013

Objetivo: Determinar las características de sanciones realizadas por la Superintendencia Nacional de Fiscalización (SUNAFIL) del Ministerio de Trabajo (MINTRA) peruano. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de análisis usando la base de datos del MINTRA acerca de sanciones realizadas entre el 2011-2013. Se describieron datos de la región de la empresa, año, cantidad de trabajadores afectados y tipo de sanción. Resultados: Las empresas del Departamento de Lima tuvieron 3.583.473,45 nuevos soles (1.013.712,43 Euros) en multas en los 3 años. La sanción más común fue por el incumplimiento de implementar un sistema de gestión o no tener un reglamento de seguridad y salud en el trabajo. La norma 27.15 fue la que generó mayor cantidad de multas, por no cumplir las obligaciones relativas al seguro complementario de trabajo de riesgo. Conclusión: Este estudio puede servir de guía a las empresas, para que sepan los puntos que son más sancionados por la entidad peruana que fiscaliza el cumplimiento de la norma, para que la salud y seguridad de los trabajadores sean de calidad (AU)

Aim: To determine the characteristics of sanctions conducted by the National Superintendency of Control (SUNAFIL) from the Peruvian Ministry of Labour (MINTRA). Methodology: Descriptive analysis using MINTRA database about sanctions made between 2011-2013. Data from the region of the company, year, amount, number of workers affected and type of sanction were described. Results: The companies of Lima had S / 2,701,413.75 in fines in 3 years. The most common penalty was for failure to implement a management system or have a health and safety regulations at work. The rule 27.15 was that generated the largest amount of fines for failure to comply with the obligations relating to supplementary insurance for hazardous work. Conclusion: This study may provide guidance to businesses, so they know the points that are sanctioned by the Peruvian organization that monitors compliance with the standard, so that workers have quality health and security (AU)

Development and Implementation of Worksite Health and Wellness Programs: A Focus on Non-Communicable Disease.

The development and implementation of worksite health and wellness programs (WHWPs) in the United States (US) hold promise as a means to improve population health and reverse current trends in non-communicable disease incidence and prevalence. However, WHWPs face organizational, economic, systematic, legal, and logistical challenges which have combined to impact program availability and expansion. Even so, there is a burgeoning body of evidence indicating WHWPs can significantly improve the health profile of participating employees in a cost effective manner. This foundation of scientific knowledge justifies further research inquiry to elucidate optimal WHWP models. It is clear that the development, implementation and operation of WHWPs require a strong commitment from organizational leadership, a pervasive culture of health and availability of necessary resources and infrastructure. Since organizations vary significantly, there is a need to have flexibility in creating a customized, effective health and wellness program. Furthermore, several key legal issues must be addressed to facilitate employer and employee needs and responsibilities; the US Affordable Care Act will play a major role moving forward. The purposes of this review are to: 1) examine currently available health and wellness program models and considerations for the future; 2) highlight key legal issues associated with WHWP development and implementation; and 3) identify challenges and solutions for the development and implementation of as well as adherence to WHWPs.

[Problems of practical implementation of legislation basis in organizing and conducting preliminary and periodic medical examinations of workers].

The article deals with problems of implementation of legislation documents in federal medicine, education, purchases for governmental and municipal needs. The authors analyzed and summarized main problems in organizing and conducting preliminary and periodic medical examinations of workers (exemplified by decreed communities in government-financed establishments).