Antecedentes históricos, situación actual y perspectivas del sistema de información en ciencias médicas de Ciego de Ávila / Historical background, current situation and perspectives of the information system in medical sciences of Ciego de Ávila

Introducción: el proyecto de salud para todos es respaldado por el sistema de información en ciencias médicas en la provincia Ciego de Ávila.Objetivo: identificar los antecedentes históricos, situación actual y perspectivas del sistema de información de ciencias médicas de Ciego de Ávila. Método: se realizó un estudio cualitativo de 2015 a 2018, se utilizaron métodos como el histórico-lógico y el analítico-sintético, técnicas de análisis documental, entrevistas semiestructuradas a directivos, jubilados y trabajadores del sector, y el submétodo cronológico. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la técnica de triangulación.Resultados: se describieron los antecedentes desde 1951 con la primera biblioteca médica en el territorio, el desarrollo de la red de bibliotecas y del Centro Provincial de Información desde su creación en 1977, hasta el presente. Se informa sobre los recursos humanos especializados de la red provincial de información, los servicios que se brindan, el perfeccionamiento de la revista MediCiego, las iniciativas, el desarrollo de la investigación, la publicación y el alcance del portal web provincial.Conclusiones: el desarrollo del sistema de información en ciencias médicas en la provincia Ciego de Ávila se ha sostenido desde el punto de vista histórico en el propio surgimiento y avance escalonado logrado por el Centro Provincial de Información de Ciencias Médicas y su red de bibliotecas institucionales, donde ha sido decisivos la política informacional nacional del sector salud y el empeño de los directivos y trabajadores en su implementación(AU)

Introduction: the health project for all is supported by the information system in medical sciences in the province of Ciego de Ávila.Objective: to identify the historical background, current situation and perspectives of the information system of medical sciences of Ciego de Ávila. Method: a qualitative study was carried out from 2015 to 2018, using methods such as the historical-logical and the analytical-synthetic, documentary analysis techniques, semi-structured interviews to managers, retirees and workers in the sector and the chronological sub-method. For the analysis of the data, the triangulation technique was used. Results: the antecedents were described since 1951 with the first medical library in the territory, the development of the library network and the Provincial Information Center since its creation in 1977, up to the present. Information is provided on the specialized human resources of the provincial information network, the services provided, the development of MediCiego magazine, the initiatives, the development of the research, the publication and the scope of the provincial web portal.Conclusions: the development of the information system in medical sciences in the province of Ciego de Ávila has been sustained from the historical point of view in the own emergence and stepped progress achieved by the Provincial Information Center of Medical Sciences and its network of institutional libraries, where the national informational policy of the health sector and the efforts of managers and workers in its implementation have been decisive(AU)

Alfonso de la Peña Pineda y el Intercambio urológico por correspondencia / Alfonso de la Peña Pineda and the Urology exchange by correspondence

Introducción: Los hermanos Alfonso y Emilio de la Peña Pineda propusieron en 1943 crear un sistema de comunicación por correspondencia como en Norteamérica, idea bien aceptada por los urólogos españoles, y que llevó por título Intercambio urológico por correspondencia. Material y métodos: Lectura minuciosa y análisis pormenorizado del contenido de 1944 a 1953, con un promedio de 3 páginas tamaño folio de cada ejemplar. Resultado: Se enviaron 105 números que contienen 234 comunicaciones urológicas, firmadas por 67 urólogos españoles, 2 portugueses y un cirujano general, 39 son traducciones de la publicación similar norteamericana. La temática corresponde a casos personales curiosos o raros, sobre situaciones o problemas de la enfermedad urológica más habitual en la época, de los que únicamente destacan una veintena de artículos. En general el contenido es de poca utilidad e interés, motivo por el que decreció paulatinamente la colasiiboración hasta desaparecer. Conclusión: La propuesta fue respondida mayoritariamente por quienes mantenían relación con la cátedra de Urología de la Facultad de Medicina de Madrid, dirigida por Alfonso de la Peña. La temática cifrada en casos clínicos personales, faltos de interés en su mayoría, llevó a disminuir paulatinamente la aportación de comunicaciones hasta su cese. Sobresalen únicamente unos pocos artículos. El mayor valor del trabajo lo constituye recoger y analizar el contenido de la que sea muy probablemente la única colección completa existente, ya que al no ser editada por imprenta y ser su distribución solo como correspondencia no se ha encontrado en las bibliotecas públicas

Introduction: In 1943, the brothers Alfonso and Emilio de la Peña Pineda proposed creating a communication system by correspondence as in North America, an idea welcomed by Spanish urologists, a system that was named the Urology Exchange by Correspondence. Material and methods: A thorough reading and detailed analysis was conducted of content from 1944 to 1953, with an average of 3 pages of folio size of each copy. Result: A total of 105 issues containing 234 urological presentations were sent, signed by 67 Spanish urologists, 2 Portuguese urologists and 1 general surgeon. Thirty-nine of these presentations were translations of a similar U.S. publication. The subject matter corresponded to curious or rare personal cases, concerning conditions or problems of the most common urological diseases in that era, of which only 20 of those articles stand out. In general, the content is of little use and interest, which prompted the gradual decline in the collaboration until it disappeared. Conclusion: The proposal was answered mostly by those who had a professional relationship with the chair of Urology of the Faculty of Medicine of Madrid directed by Alfonso de la Peña. The subject matter of the personal case studies, most of which lacked importance, lead to the gradual decline in the contribution of presentations until its eventual end. Only a few articles stand out. The study's major value consists of collecting and analysing the content of what is highly likely the only complete collection in existence, given that it was not edited for printing and was distributed only as correspondence and cannot therefore be found in public libraries

History of Romanian Medical Informatics: Learning from the Past to Reshape the Future.

OBJECTIVES: The paper presents a review of the history of medical informatics in Romania, starting from the pioneering works, relating the present, and foreseeing the future. METHODS: Major milestones of the development of this field have not been simply enumerated, but described within the specific socio-political frame, grasping the entire context over the last four decades in Romania. Two main perspectives have been traced: education and training in medical informatics and implementations in healthcare. RESULTS: Four distinctive historical periods are identified and the major events of each period are described in a critical manner. The history of the Romanian Society of Medical Informatics is presented in a separate chapter. The last section is dedicated to the present state of the field in Romania. CONCLUSION: The history of Romanian Medical Informatics spans many years and is rich in content. The Romanian Society of Medical Informatics is mainly the result of the efforts undertaken by an enthusiastic and sound professional community, trying to continue the tradition, to achieve new goals, and to work as an active member of the international biomedical/health informatics community.

The New York Brain Bank of Columbia University: practical highlights of 35 years of experience.

The New York Brain Bank processes brains and organs of clinically well-characterized patients with age-related neurodegenerative diseases, and for comparison, from individuals without neurologic or psychiatric impairments. The donors, either patients or individuals, were evaluated at healthcare facilities of the Columbia University of New York. Each source brain yields four categories of samples: fresh frozen blocks and crushed parenchyma, and formalin-fixed wet blocks and histology sections. A source brain is thoroughly evaluated to determine qualitatively and quantitatively any changes it might harbor using conventional neuropathologic techniques. The clinical and pathologic diagnoses are integrated to determine the distributive diagnosis assigned to the samples obtained from a source brain. The gradual standardization of the protocol was developed in 1981 in response to the evolving requirements of basic investigations on neurodegeneration. The methods assimilate long-standing experience from multiple centers. The resulting and current protocol includes a constant central core applied to all brains with conditional flexibility around it. The New York Brain Bank is an integral part of the department of pathology, where the expertise, teaching duties, and hardware are shared. Since details of the protocols are available online, this chapter focuses on practical issues in professionalizing brain banking.

Origins of the Arden Syntax.

The Arden Syntax originated in the 1980's, when several knowledge-based systems began to show promise, but researchers recognized the burden of recreating these systems at every institution. Derived initially from Health Evaluation through Logical Processing (HELP) and the Regenstrief Medical Record System (RMRS), the Arden Syntax defines medical logic that can be encoded as independent rules, such as reminders and alerts, with the hope of creating a public library of rules. It was first vetted at an informatics retreat held in 1989 at Columbia University's Arden Homestead. The syntax was intended to be readable by clinician experts but to provide powerful array processing, which was derived largely a programming language called APL. The syntax was improved and implemented by a number of researchers and vendors in the early 1990's and was initially adopted by the consensus standards organization, the American Society for Testing and Materials.

Inquietações e incertezas sob o olhar da história da enfermagem / Preocupaciones e incertidumbres bajo la mirada de la historia de la enfermería / Concerns and uncertainties under the view of the nursing history

A partir dos temas apresentados no III Encontro Internacional de História da Enfermagem, organizado pela Sociedade Portuguesa de História da Enfermagem, e na tertúlia comemorativa do Dia Internacional do Enfermeiro, organizada pelo Sindicato dos Enfermeiros Portugueses, o autor expressa inquietação e incertezas sobre alguns desafios que se relacionam com a delegação de competências e a crescente utilização da robótica, da tele saúde e dos sistemas de informação da saúde na prestação de cuidados de enfermagem (AU)

A partir de los temas presentados en el III Encuentro Internacional de Historia de la Enfermería, organizado por la Sociedad Portuguesa de Historia de la Enfermería, y en la tertulia conmemorativa del Día Internacional del Enfermero, organizada por el Sindicato de los Enfermeros Portugueses, el autor expresa inquietud e incertidumbre sobre algunos desafíos que se relacionan con la delegación de competencias y la creciente utilización de la robótica, de la tele salud y de los sistemas de información de la salud en la prestación de cuidados de enfermería (AU)

Based on the themes presented at the III International Meeting on the History of Nursing, organized by the Portuguese Society for the History of Nursing, and at the International Nurses’ Day celebrated by the Union of Portuguese Nurses, the author expresses concerns and uncertainties about some challenges that are related to the delegation of competencies and the increasing use of robotics, telehealth and the health information systems in the provision of nursing care (AU)

An Opening Chapter of the First Generation of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: The First Rutgers AIM Workshop, June 1975.

The first generation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine methods were developed in the early 1970's drawing on insights about problem solving in AI. They developed new ways of representing structured expert knowledge about clinical and biomedical problems using causal, taxonomic, associational, rule, and frame-based models. By 1975, several prototype systems had been developed and clinically tested, and the Rutgers Research Resource on Computers in Biomedicine hosted the first in a series of workshops on AI in Medicine that helped researchers and clinicians share their ideas, demonstrate their models, and comment on the prospects for the field. These developments and the workshops themselves benefited considerably from Stanford's SUMEX-AIM pioneering experiment in biomedical computer networking. This paper focuses on discussions about issues at the intersection of medicine and artificial intelligence that took place during the presentations and panels at the First Rutgers AIM Workshop in New Brunswick, New Jersey from June 14 to 17, 1975.

Bringing science to medicine: an interview with Larry Weed, inventor of the problem-oriented medical record.

Larry Weed, MD is widely known as the father of the problem-oriented medical record and inventor of the now-ubiquitous SOAP (subjective/objective/assessment/plan) note, for developing an electronic health record system (Problem-Oriented Medical Information System, PROMIS), and for founding a company (since acquired), which developed problem-knowledge couplers. However, Dr Weed's vision for medicine goes far beyond software--over the course of his storied career, he has relentlessly sought to bring the scientific method to medical practice and, where necessary, to point out shortcomings in the system and advocate for change. In this oral history, Dr Weed describes, in his own words, the arcs of his long career and the work that remains to be done.

The history of the Read Codes: the inaugural James Read Memorial Lecture 2011.

General practitioner (GP) computing has its origins in the 1970s when the benefits of clinical coding and prescribing were demonstrated. During the early 1980s Dr James Read, working with Abies Informatics Ltd, developed the eponymous Read Codes, which were broader and more comprehensive than other schemes, yet intuitive and easy to use. In 1988 a joint working party of the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) and the British Medical Association (BMA) recommended that the Read Codes be adopted nationally. The Read Codes have been used by almost all GPs in the UK since the mid-1990s. Many developments in general practice, including GP fundholding (where GPs held the budgets to commission elective care for their patients), the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF - pay for performance for improving chronic disease management) and GP commissioning (the current NHS reform in which primary care leads commissioning of services for their patients) would have been impossible without all GPs using a common clinical coding scheme. Systematized Nomenclature For Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) is a merger of the Read Codes with SNOMED RT - the original SNOMED reference terminology developed by the American College of Pathologists.

Informe de avaliação da BVS em seu 10 anos de operação / Evaluation report of the BVS in its 10 years of operation

Este informe apresenta os antecendentes e a metodologia da avaliação, além de seus principais resultados. Em 2008 a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) comemora dez anos de operação e desenvolvimento desde seu lançamento em março de 1998 por ocasião do IV Congresso Regional de Informação em Ciências da Saúde (CRICS4) realizado em San José, Costa Rica. Promovida e coordenada pela BIREME, a BVS é o espaço e instância de referência para a cooperação técnica em informação científica em saúde na América Latina e no Caribe (Região) (AU)

Interventions for information systems introduction in the NHS.

This article provides a historical review of five long-term interventions which were undertaken within the NHS. The objective of the exercise was to examine how information systems (IS) were introduced into operational environments. The length of the interventions ranged from 9 months to almost 3 years. The five sites were all at different stages of system development and the research was carried out using a combination of participant observation and action research. The research question asks, 'How can organizations think about and hence go about their information provision in such a way that successful IS are introduced?'

Muertes por armas de fuego: un eclipse en los sistemas de información en salud / Fire arms related deaths: an eclipse in the heath information systems

En este trabajo se analizan las muertes por violencias ocurridas en el municipio de Lanús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, en el período 1998-2002. A partir de fuentes secundarias basadas en la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades –10ª Revisión–, se obtienen los diferentes tipos de muertes por violencias según intencionalidad (accidentes, homicidios, suicidios e ignoradas) y según la circunstancia “por armas de fuego”. En el análisis se observa un “ocultamiento”, que denominamos “eclipse”, de los homicidios perpetrados con armas de fuego en las muertes por violencias ignoradas. Resulta necesario revisar las circunstancias en el grupo de muertes de intencionalidad ignorada. Este proceso demuestra la lógica de procesamiento predominante en los Sistemas de Información de Mortalidad, que priorizan la intencionalidad de la muerte sobre la circunstancia, lo que posibilita situaciones de “eclipse” como la analizada en este artículo. Se propone que el análisis de las muertes por violencias tanto por la intencionalidad como por las circunstancias, redundaría en una mejor calidad de la información...

Muertes por armas de fuego: un eclipse en los sistemas de información en salud / Fire arms related deaths: an eclipse in the heath information systems

En este trabajo se analizan las muertes por violencias ocurridas en el municipio de Lanús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, en el período 1998-2002. A partir de fuentes secundarias basadas en la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades ¹10¬ Revisión¹, se obtienen los diferentes tipos de muertes por violencias según intencionalidad (accidentes, homicidios, suicidios e ignoradas) y según la circunstancia ¶por armas de fuego÷. En el análisis se observa un ¶ocultamiento÷, que denominamos ¶eclipse÷, de los homicidios perpetrados con armas de fuego en las muertes por violencias ignoradas. Resulta necesario revisar las circunstancias en el grupo de muertes de intencionalidad ignorada. Este proceso demuestra la lógica de procesamiento predominante en los Sistemas de Información de Mortalidad, que priorizan la intencionalidad de la muerte sobre la circunstancia, lo que posibilita situaciones de ¶eclipse÷ como la analizada en este artículo. Se propone que el análisis de las muertes por violencias tanto por la intencionalidad como por las circunstancias, redundaría en una mejor calidad de la información...(AU)

Muertes por armas de fuego: un eclipse en los sistemas de información en salud / Fire arms related deaths: an eclipse in the heath information systems

En este trabajo se analizan las muertes por violencias ocurridas en el municipio de Lanús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, en el período 1998-2002. A partir de fuentes secundarias basadas en la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades ¹10¬ Revisión¹, se obtienen los diferentes tipos de muertes por violencias según intencionalidad (accidentes, homicidios, suicidios e ignoradas) y según la circunstancia ¶por armas de fuego÷. En el análisis se observa un ¶ocultamiento÷, que denominamos ¶eclipse÷, de los homicidios perpetrados con armas de fuego en las muertes por violencias ignoradas. Resulta necesario revisar las circunstancias en el grupo de muertes de intencionalidad ignorada. Este proceso demuestra la lógica de procesamiento predominante en los Sistemas de Información de Mortalidad, que priorizan la intencionalidad de la muerte sobre la circunstancia, lo que posibilita situaciones de ¶eclipse÷ como la analizada en este artículo. Se propone que el análisis de las muertes por violencias tanto por la intencionalidad como por las circunstancias, redundaría en una mejor calidad de la información...(AU)

Health information systems: between shared care and body area networks. Findings from the Section on health Information Systems.

OBJECTIVES: To summarize current excellent research in the field of health information systems (HIS). METHODS: Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2006. RESULTS: Current research in the field of HIS is focused on supporting transinstitutional health care processes including health record systems, integration of new data types and knowledge based decision support, patient empowerment, the utilization of new technologies like wearable systems or ubiquitous computing in home and personal care, and methods and tools for the analysis, development, management, and evaluation of HIS. CONCLUSIONS: The best paper selection of articles on HIS comprises examples of excellent research on integration of HIS based on standards for electronic health records, methods and tools for HIS oriented change management, the use of wearable systems for telemedical surveillance of chronically ill patients, technology driven home care concepts for the elderly and physically disabled, and data privacy issues arising from the emergence of new clinical data types in the context of biomedicine. Besides successful research concerning important aspects of HIS, achieving interoperability and integration of health information subsystems and technology remains an important field of work.

Fifty years in medical informatics.

OBJECTIVES: An overview of personal experiences in medical informatics based on Dr. Morris Collen's 50 years of research in the field. METHODS: A personal reminiscence and historical overview, focusing on the first two decades of medical informatics, when Dr. Collen began working with Dr. Sidney Garfield, the founder of Kaiser Permanente, leading to his involvement in computer-based medical care, through the development of the pioneering Automated Multiphasic Health Testing (AMHT) system, which they introduced into Kaiser clinics in Oakland and San Francisco. RESULTS: Statistical models for medical decision-making based on consultations with Jerzy Neyman and George Dantzig were incorporated into the AMHT, and tested on a large database of cases. Meetings with other pioneers in medical informatics at the Karolinska Institute led to the formation of the early society Salutas Unitas, and the many national and international collaborations which followed during the first two decades helped coalesce the field as clinicians and researchers investigated problems of medical data, decision support, and laboratory, hospital, and library information systems. CONCLUSION: Dr. Collen's research and his many medical informatics activities significantly contributed to the growth of the field. The U.S. contributions are covered extensively in his book, A History of Medical Informatics in the United States, 1950-1990. Washington, DC: Am Med Informatics Association 1995.