Then and Now-A Look Inside the Lives of 11 Women Presidents of the IADR.

Extraordinary women scientists-past, current, and elected presidents of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR)-showcase pathways for success and leadership. In this series of autobiographical essays, these women of various cultural backgrounds with diverse areas of research describe their journeys in the passionate pursuit of excellence, despite the frequent obstacles and challenges. Through interviews and in their own words, we recap highlights of their dental research journeys and inspirations, their career trajectories toward the IADR presidency, and the benefits and challenges that they faced in their careers and personal lives. The purpose of this special issue is to honor these women, their life journeys, and how they have contributed to oral health research.

An Expert Opinion from the European College of Gerodontology and the European Geriatric Medicine Society: European Policy Recommendations on Oral Health in Older Adults.

This is an expert opinion paper on oral health policy recommendations for older adults in Europe, with particular focus on frail and care-dependent persons, that the European College of Gerodontology (ECG) and the European Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS) Task and Finish Group on Gerodontology has developed. Oral health in older adults is often poor. Common oral diseases such as caries, periodontal disease, denture-related conditions, hyposalivation, and oral pre- and cancerous conditions may lead to tooth loss, pain, local and systemic infection, impaired oral function, and poor quality of life. Although the majority of oral diseases can be prevented or treated, oral problems in older adults remain prevalent and largely underdiagnosed, because frail persons often do not receive routine dental care, due to a number of barriers and misconceptions. These hindrances include person-related issues, lack of professional support, and lack of effective oral health policies. Three major areas for action are identified: education for healthcare providers, health policy action plans, and citizen empowerment and involvement. A list of defined competencies in geriatric oral health for non-dental healthcare providers is suggested, as well as an oral health promotion and disease prevention protocol for residents in institutional settings. Oral health assessment should be incorporated into general health assessments, oral health care should be integrated into public healthcare coverage, and access to dental care should be ensured.

Career satisfaction and work-life balance of specialist orthodontists within the UK/ROI.

Objectives To investigate factors affecting career satisfaction and work-life balance in specialist orthodontists in the UK/ROI.Design and setting Prospective questionnaire-based study.Subjects and methods The questionnaire was sent to specialist orthodontists who were members of the British Orthodontic Society.Results Orthodontists reported high levels of career satisfaction (median score 90/100). Career satisfaction was significantly higher in those who exhibited: i) satisfaction with working hours; ii) satisfaction with the level of control over their working day; iii) ability to manage unexpected home events; and iv) confidence in how readily they managed patient expectations. The work-life balance score was lower than the career satisfaction score but the median score was 75/100. Work-life balance scores were significantly affected by the same four factors, but additionally were higher in those who worked part-time.Conclusions Orthodontists in this study were highly satisfied with their career and the majority responded that they would choose orthodontics again. Work-life balance scores were lower than career satisfaction scores but still relatively high. It is important for the profession to consider ways of maintaining, or improving, career satisfaction and work-life balance; including maintaining flexibility of working hours and ensuring that all clinicians have ready access to appropriate training courses throughout their careers (for example, management of patient expectations).

Evaluación de las publicaciones de los últimos dieciséis años en la revista de la Asociación Odontológica Argentina: un estudio bibliométrico / Evaluation of the publications of the last sixteen yearsin the journal of the Argentine dental Asociation. a Bibliometric study

Objetivo: evaluar la cantidad, el origen y el tipo de publicaciones incluidas en la Revista de la Asociación Odontológica Argentina (RAOA) en los últimos dieciséis años. Materiales y métodos: Se recolectaron todos los volúmenes de la RAOA publicados entre 2001 y 2016. Se evaluaron y compararon la cantidad y el tipo de publicaciones realizadas, teniendo en cuenta categorías como provincia, país, institución universitaria y especialidad, por medio de la prueba estadística de las frecuencias absolutas y relativas delas diferentes categorías. Resultados: En total, se publicaron 535 artículos, y se observó una tendencia a la disminución en los últimos años. La Endodoncia fue la especialidad que más publicó (25 por ciento), con mayor cantidad de investigaciones científicas y revisiones; mientras que la Patología bucomaxilofacial publicó más casos clínicos. La mayoría de las publicaciones fueron realizadas en el ámbito no universitario. La provincia de Buenos Aires y la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires son los distritos geográficos que más aportes realizaron a la revista. Conclusiones: La RAOA puede ser considerada una base referencial odontológica para el análisis de la actividad científica en el ámbito latinoamericano.

Aim: to evaluate the amount, origin and type of publicationsincluded in the journal of the Argentine Dental Association(RAOA) in the last sixteen years.Materials and methods: All volumes of the RAOA werecollected during 2001 and 2016. The number and type of publicationswere analyzed and compared with the state, country,university institution and specialties from which they wereoriginated, statistically calculating the absolute and relativefrequencies of the different categories.Results: A total of 535 articles have been published,with a decreasing yearly tendency recent years. Endodonticswas the specialty with more published articles, most of themscientific research and reviews, while oral and maxillofacialpathology mainly published clinical cases. The majority ofpublications were made by non-university institutions. Theprovince of Buenos Aires and the city of Buenos Aires mademost of the contribution to the journal.Conclusions: The journal of the AOA can be considereda useful reference for the analysis of scientific production inLatin America.

Factor analysis on implementation of domiciliary dental care in Metropolitan Tokyo.

The need for domiciliary dental care has increased with the aging of Japanese society. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government and Tokyo Dental Association conducted a survey of dental institutions within Tokyo in order to clarify which factors influenced implementation of domiciliary dental care by dental institutions. The proportion was significantly higher in (1) dentists in their 50s or older, (2) those working in cooperation with primary care physicians, (3) those providing dysphagia rehabilitation, (4) those who give information on prevention of aspiration pneumonia, (5) those who attended training on medical or domiciliary dental care for the elderly in need of nursing care, and (6) those who attended training workshops and seminars provided by the Tokyo Dental Association in 2010. In the logistic regression analysis, a significant odds ratio was obtained for the same items, excluding age. Attendance at training on medical or domiciliary dental care for the elderly in need of nursing care had the highest odds ratio. Those who attended any kind of training course implemented domiciliary dental care significantly more often. Training conducted by the Tokyo Metropolitan Center for Oral Health of Persons with Disabilities, Tokyo Dental Association, and local dental associations showed a significant odds ratio, with the highest by the Tokyo Dental Association. Traditionally, education on domiciliary dental care in the elderly is not provided at the college level. The present results indicate the importance of educating students with regard to the unique challenges such work poses. Attending seminars hosted by the Tokyo Dental Association also significantly influenced implementation of domiciliary dental care. This seems to be an important result, suggesting the effectiveness of training provided by dental associations with regard to the promotion of domiciliary dental care. This indicates the need for dental associations to provide such training throughout Japan.

Un hecho histórico para la CORA / A historic event for the CORA

Más de 700 odontólogos de todo el país se dieron cita del 4 al 6 de julio en la ciudad de Córdoba para participar de un evento que marcó un hito en la historia de la Confederación Odontológica de la República Argentina, el Primer Congreso Federal de Prevención. (AU)

Gender trends in dental leadership and academics: a twenty-two-year observation.

The purpose of this study was to examine gender disparities in dental leadership and academics in the United States. Nine journals that represent the dental specialties and high published impact factors were selected to analyze the percentage of female dentists' first and senior authorship for the years 1986, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2008. Data on appointment status and female deanship were collected from the American Dental Association (ADA) survey, and the trends were studied. The proportion of female presidents in ADA-recognized specialty organizations was also calculated. Overall, the increase in first female authorship was not statistically significant, but the increase of last female authorship was statistically significant in a linear trend over the years. The percentage of tenured female faculty members and female deans in U.S. dental schools increased by factors of 1.7 and 9, respectively, during the study period. However, female involvement in professional organizations was limited. Findings from this study indicate that female participation in authorship and leadership has increased over time. Nevertheless, females are still a minority in dental academics and leadership.

[Status report on dental implantology in Switzerland]. / Daten zum Stand der zahnärztlichen Implantologie in der Schweiz.

PURPOSE: To present results of a survey on the status of implantology in Switzerland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all SSO (Swiss Dental Society) members asking for personal (anonymous) background data and their implantology concepts. Specific questions dealt with level of recognition of implants, use of implants, superstructures, success and failure rates, recall and training. RESULTS: Straumann, Nobel Biocare, 3i, SPI and Frialit are the most commonly used implant systems in Switzerland. Almost two thirds (63.8%) of the dentists place more than 20 implants per year. Long-term prognosis is the crucial factor, whereas material costs play a minor role. The edentulous lower jaw is the indication of choice, whereas the edentulous upper jaw applies less. Almost every dentist active in implantology follows continuing education programs in the field. CONCLUSION: Compared to a study undertaken twelve years ago the number of dentists engaged in implantology doubled, meaning at least one third of non-hospital dentists in Switzerland are involved in dental implantology. Overall the willingness to extend the therapeutic range has greatly increased.

Antibiotic use by members of the Spanish Endodontic Society.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine the prescribing habits of active members of the Spanish Endodontic Society (AEDE) with regard to antibiotics. METHODS: A one-page questionnaire was sent to the active members of the AEDE. Of the 508 surveys mailed, 158 surveys were returned, and 140 were found to be usable. The overall response rate was 31.1%. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests of independence. RESULTS: The average duration of antibiotic therapy was 6.8 +/- 1.8 days. In patients with no medical allergies, most of the responders (86.1%) selected amoxicillin as the first-choice antibiotic, alone (44.3%) or associated with clavulanate (41.8%); metronidazole-spiramycin and clindamycin were prescribed by 7.6% and 3.7% of the respondents. The first drug of choice for patients with an allergy to penicillins was clindamycin 300 mg (63.2%) followed by metronidazole-spiramycin (23.7%). For cases of irreversible pulpitis, 40.0% of respondents prescribed antibiotics. For the scenario of a necrotic pulp, acute apical periodontitis, and no swelling, 52.9% prescribed antibiotics. Almost 21.5% prescribed antibiotics for necrotic pulps with chronic apical periodontitis and a sinus tract. CONCLUSIONS: For the most part, the majority of the members of the AEDE were selecting the appropriate antibiotic for use in orofacial infections, but there are still many who are prescribing antibiotics inappropriately. The use of antibiotics for minor infections, or in some cases in patients without infections, could be a major contributor to the world problem of antimicrobial resistance.

Results of the questionnaire on orthodontic boards.

There has been a proliferation of Orthodontic Boards across the world but there is no uniformity in standards, purposes or in the type of examination. In order to promote discussion at the International Orthodontic Congress in Paris in September 2005 a questionnaire was sent out to 80 Orthodontic Societies on the World Federation of Orthodontists list. There was a limited response to the questionnaire but the results are described in this paper. It illustrated that there were mainly two types of Board, mandatory ones that acted to license the Orthodontist in that country on the Specialist register and voluntary ones where the orthodontist demonstrates his excellence. The paper describes the answers to the various questions asked on the purpose, eligibility and type of examination of the Boards. They were also asked about the feasibility of an International Board. This was rejected as an option but an affiliation of Boards was recommended.

[Mortality of Swiss dentists]. / Die Sterblichkeit der Schweizer Zahnärzte.

In this study, the survival of Swiss dentists is investigated using a cohort of 5749 members of the Swiss Dental Association (SSO). The study shows that the male dentists of this cohort have at any age a lower mortality than the Swiss male population in general. However, a similar statement cannot be made for the Swiss female dentists as there is uncertainty about their reasons for leaving the cohort. In addition, the death causes of 446 deceased dentists were studied with respect to a connection of death causes and exposure to amalgam. There was no evidence of higher mortality by causes commonly associated with amalgam exposure, in spite of the fact that these dentists had mostly practiced in times of fairly high amalgam exposure. By its nature, however, this study cannot provide information on non-lethal diseases possibly caused by amalgam exposure. On the whole, Swiss dentists present themselves as rather healthy and long-living professionals.

Maxillofacial prosthetics: vital signs.

A maxillofacial prosthetics survey was designed to record the response rate of prosthodontists regarding the frequency of maxillofacial procedures and insurance coverage in 1991. The survey explored variability with respect to membership in professional organizations, region, education, primary activity, and age of the prosthodontist. A total of 342 survey instruments were received from a total of 690 mailed. A total of 18,410 maxillofacial procedures were performed by the survey population. Members of the American Academy of Maxillofacial Prosthetics performed procedures at a significantly higher rate than did the members of the American College of Prosthodontists. A greater procedure rate was observed for prosthodontists in the South Midwest and Southwestern regions; the hospital setting; with 2 plus 1 year additional postgraduate maxillofacial training; and the 45- to 54-year age group. Insurance covered most maxillofacial procedures, but was not uniformly distributed within predictor variables nor between procedures.