Efficacy and safety of eberconazole 1% otic solution compared to clotrimazole 1% solution in patients with otomycosis.

PURPOSE: To demonstrate non-inferiority of eberconazole 1% otic solution to clotrimazole 1% solution, and to compare their safety profiles in the treatment of otomycosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active treatment-controlled phase 3 clinical trial. One hundred and ninety patients with diagnosis of otomycosis were randomly assigned to eberconazole 1% otic solution or clotrimazole 1% solution. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were comparable between both groups for age, gender, ethnicity, and clinical variables. Both study groups had high complete response rates: 81.8% in the eberconazole group and 83.5% in the clotrimazole group. Although non-inferiority of eberconazole relative to clotrimazole could not be demonstrated, a post-hoc sensitivity analysis demonstrated that eberconazole 1% otic solution was not inferior to clotrimazole 1% solution for the primary efficacy endpoint. Secondary endpoints also demonstrated that eberconazole 1% and clotrimazole 1% solutions were therapeutically similar at the end of the study. The incidence of adverse events was similar in both groups, and none had related AEs and withdrawals due to an AE. CONCLUSIONS: Eberconazole 1% otic solution is an efficacious and safe option to treat otomycosis-affected patients in the general practice.

Protective effect of intraportal infusion of hypothermic hydrogen-rich saline solution on hepatic warm ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat model

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intraportal administration of hypothermic hydrogenrich saline solution (HRSS) on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Thirty rats were divided equally into six groups; 1) sham, no I/R or transfusion, 2) I/R injury (60 minutes ischemia + 120 minutes reperfusion, 3) I/R injury + normal saline 24C, 4) I/R injury + normal saline 4C, 5) I/R injury + HRSS 24C, 6) I/R injury + HRSS 4C. In groups 3-6, 1 mg/kg normal saline (NS) and/or HRSS were administered into the vein of the left lateral and median lobes of the liver (upper the site of clumping) 10 minutes before finishing of ischemic period. The harvest time points were at 2 hours post reperfusion in all groups. Cell death, sinusoidal dilatation, congestion, hemorrhage, and neutrophil infiltration were observed in I/R group, while these histopathological changes were attenuated in the hypothermic HRSS administrated groups (P < 0.01). The level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor a, and caspase-3 were increased significantly by I/R injury and hypothermic HRSS administration reduced all these markers (P < 0.01). SOD level was low in I/R group whereas it tended to increase in the hypothermic HRSS administrated groups (P < 0.01). The present study demonstrated that hypothermic hydrogen-rich saline solution effectively protected the hepatic tissue against cellular injury and organ dysfunction through the mechanisms that decrease the effect of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and necrosis.

Protective effect of intraportal infusion of hypothermic hydrogen-rich saline solution on hepatic warm ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat model

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intraportal administration of hypothermic hydrogenrich saline solution (HRSS) on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Thirty rats were divided equally into six groups; 1) sham, no I/R or transfusion, 2) I/R injury (60 minutes ischemia + 120 minutes reperfusion, 3) I/R injury + normal saline 24C, 4) I/R injury + normal saline 4C, 5) I/R injury + HRSS 24C, 6) I/R injury + HRSS 4C. In groups 3-6, 1 mg/kg normal saline (NS) and/or HRSS were administered into the vein of the left lateral and median lobes of the liver (upper the site of clumping) 10 minutes before finishing of ischemic period. The harvest time points were at 2 hours post reperfusion in all groups. Cell death, sinusoidal dilatation, congestion, hemorrhage, and neutrophil infiltration were observed in I/R group, while these histopathological changes were attenuated in the hypothermic HRSS administrated groups (P < 0.01). The level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor a, and caspase-3 were increased significantly by I/R injury and hypothermic HRSS administration reduced all these markers (P < 0.01). SOD level was low in I/R group whereas it tended to increase in the hypothermic HRSS administrated groups (P < 0.01). The present study demonstrated that hypothermic hydrogen-rich saline solution effectively protected the hepatic tissue against cellular injury and organ dysfunction through the mechanisms that decrease the effect of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and necrosis.(AU)

Magistral drugs in hospitalized newborns and children / Medicamentos magistrais em recém-nascidos e crianças hospitalizados

Abstract Objective: Study the use of magistral oral solutions and suspensions in infants and children at a university hospital. Methods: This is a descriptive study based on the analysis of the assessed hospital's magistral drug request forms regarding the patients in the neonatal ICU, Obstetrics, Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency from January 2012 to December 2013. The frequency of drug requests and dispensation was evaluated and the consumption of each active ingredient of the preparations was expressed as number of “infant defined daily dose” (iDDD) and of iDDD/100 bed-days. Results: A total of 657 forms were analyzed - a monthly average of 27 pediatric preparations. The neonatal ICU accounted for 69.6% of these requests. Twenty-one drug items were used, of which the most common were folinic acid (88 requests), sulfadiazine (85) and captopril (73). The consumption of the active principle in these preparations varied in number of iDDD, from 7.5 (hydralazine) to 16,520.0 (folic acid), and in number of iDDD/100 bed-days in the neonatal ICU, from 0.1 (zinc sulfate) to 146.1 (folic acid). Conclusions: The constant consumption of magistral oral solutions and suspensions by newborns and children of the assessed hospital indicates the need for such preparations as a pediatric therapeutic alternative in this hospital.

Resumo Objetivo: Estudar o uso de soluções e suspensões orais magistrais em recém-nascidos e crianças de um hospital universitário. Métodos: Foi feito um estudo descritivo a partir da análise dos formulários de solicitação de manipulação do hospital estudado referentes aos pacientes da UTI-neonatal, obstetrícia, pediatria e emergência pediátrica de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2013. As frequências das solicitações e dispensações desses medicamentos foram avaliadas e o consumo de cada princípio ativo das preparações foram expressos sob a forma de número de infant defined daily dose (iDDD) e de iDDD/100 leitos-dia. Resultados: Foram analisados 657 formulários - média mensal de 27 preparações pediátricas. A UTI-neonatal foi responsável por 69,6% dessas solicitações. Foram usados 21 itens de medicamentos, destacou-se o uso de ácido folínico (88 solicitações), sulfadiazina (85) e captopril (73). O consumo de princípio-ativo nessas preparações variou, em número de iDDD, de 7,5 (hidralazina) a 16.520 (ácido fólico) e em número de iDDD/100 leitos-dia da UTI-neonatal, de 0,1 (sulfato de zinco) a 146,1 (ácido fólico). Conclusões: O consumo constante das soluções e suspensões orais magistrais pelos recém-nascidos e crianças do hospital estudado indica a necessidade dessas preparações como opção terapêutica pediátrica nesse hospital.

Magistral drugs in hospitalized newborns and children. / Medicamentos magistrais em recém­nascidos e crianças hospitalizados.

OBJECTIVE: Study the use of magistral oral solutions and suspensions in infants and children at a university hospital. METHODS: This is a descriptive study based on the analysis of the assessed hospital's magistral drug request forms regarding the patients in the neonatal ICU, Obstetrics, Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency from January 2012 to December 2013. The frequency of drug requests and dispensation was evaluated and the consumption of each active ingredient of the preparations was expressed as number of "infant defined daily dose" (iDDD) and of iDDD/100 bed-days. RESULTS: A total of 657 forms were analyzed - a monthly average of 27 pediatric preparations. The neonatal ICU accounted for 69.6% of these requests. Twenty-one drug items were used, of which the most common were folinic acid (88 requests), sulfadiazine (85) and captopril (73). The consumption of the active principle in these preparations varied in number of iDDD, from 7.5 (hydralazine) to 16,520.0 (folic acid), and in number of iDDD/100 bed-days in the neonatal ICU, from 0.1 (zinc sulfate) to 146.1 (folic acid). CONCLUSIONS: The constant consumption of magistral oral solutions and suspensions by newborns and children of the assessed hospital indicates the need for such preparations as a pediatric therapeutic alternative in this hospital.

Effectiveness of a systemic antibiotic followed by topical ionized solution as surgical site infection prophylaxis.

The aim of this randomized, double-blind clinical trial was to determine the effectiveness of systemic antibiotic application followed by either topical ionized solution (IS) or topical saline solution (placebo) as surgical site infection (SSI) prophylaxis in appendectomy for non-perforated appendicitis. Prophylactic antibiotic was administered pre-incision and either topical IS or placebo was applied pre-suturing to 529 patients, who were then monitored for 30 days. When topical IS was used, SSI relative risk was 0.739 (95% CI 0.537, 1.019) and the SSI prevention rate was 26.06% (CI -1.8%, 46.3%). The number needed to treat was 14.80 patients and the number needed to harm was 209 in order for SSI to be avoided. In conclusion, there was a trend for topical IS prophylaxis to reduce SSI frequency in patients undergoing appendectomy for non-perforated appendicitis, but the result was not statistically significant.

Hepatotrophic factors reduce hepatic fibrosis in rats.

CONTEXT: Hepatic fibrosis occurs in response to several aggressive agents and is a predisposing factor in cirrhosis. Hepatotrophic factors were shown to stimulate liver growth and to restore the histological architecture of the liver. They also cause an improvement in liver function and accelerate the reversion of fibrosis before it progresses to cirrhosis. OBJECTIVE: To test the effects of hepatic fibrosis solution composed by amino acids, vitamins, glucose, insulin, glucagon and triiodothyronine on hepatic fibrosis in rats. METHODS: Fibrosis was induced in rats by gastric administration of dimethylnitrosamine (10 mg/kg) for 5 weeks. After liver biopsy, the rats received either hepatotrophic factors solution (40 mg/kg/day) or saline solution for 10 days by intraperitoneal injection. Blood samples and liver fragments were collected for hepatic function analysis, standard histopathology evaluation, and morphometric collagen quantification. RESULTS: Rats in the hepatotrophic factors group showed a decrease of the histopathological components of fibrosis and an increase of their hepatic mass (12.2%). There was no development of neoplasic lesions in both groups. Compared with the saline group, the hepatotrophic factors group also had a decrease of blood levels of hepatic-lesion markers (AST, ALT) and a decrease of collagen content in the portal spaces (31.6%) and perisinusoidal spaces (42.3%), as well as around the hepatic terminal vein (57.7%). Thus, hepatotrophic factors administration in the portal blood promoted a regenerative hepatic response, with an overall reduction of the volumetric density of collagen, improved hepatic function, and a general improvement in the histopathological aspects of fibrosis. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest the potential therapeutic use of this hepatotrophic factors solution to treat chronic liver diseases.

Hepatotrophic factors reduce hepatic fibrosis in rats / Fatores hepatotróficos reduzem a fibrose hepática em ratos

CONTEXT: Hepatic fibrosis occurs in response to several aggressive agents and is a predisposing factor in cirrhosis. Hepatotrophic factors were shown to stimulate liver growth and to restore the histological architecture of the liver. They also cause an improvement in liver function and accelerate the reversion of fibrosis before it progresses to cirrhosis. OBJECTIVE: To test the effects of hepatic fibrosis solution composed by amino acids, vitamins, glucose, insulin, glucagon and triiodothyronine on hepatic fibrosis in rats. METHODS: Fibrosis was induced in rats by gastric administration of dimethylnitrosamine (10 mg/kg) for 5 weeks. After liver biopsy, the rats received either hepatotrophic factors solution (40 mg/kg/day) or saline solution for 10 days by intraperitoneal injection. Blood samples and liver fragments were collected for hepatic function analysis, standard histopathology evaluation, and morphometric collagen quantification. RESULTS: Rats in the hepatotrophic factors group showed a decrease of the histopathological components of fibrosis and an increase of their hepatic mass (12.2 percent). There was no development of neoplasic lesions in both groups. Compared with the saline group, the hepatotrophic factors group also had a decrease of blood levels of hepatic-lesion markers (AST, ALT) and a decrease of collagen content in the portal spaces (31.6 percent) and perisinusoidal spaces (42.3 percent), as well as around the hepatic terminal vein (57.7 percent). Thus, hepatotrophic factors administration in the portal blood promoted a regenerative hepatic response, with an overall reduction of the volumetric density of collagen, improved hepatic function, and a general improvement in the histopathological aspects of fibrosis. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest the potential therapeutic use of this hepatotrophic factors solution to treat chronic liver diseases.

CONTEXTO: A fibrose hepática ocorre em resposta a diversos agentes agressores e é um fator predisponente da cirrose. Fatores hepatotróficos são conhecidos por estimular o crescimento hepático e restaurar a arquitetura histológica do fígado. Promovem, também, melhora na função hepática e aceleram a reversão da fibrose antes de sua progressão para cirrose. OBJETIVO: Testar os efeitos de uma solução de fatores hepatotróficos, composta por aminoácidos, vitaminas, glicose, insulina, glugacon e triiodotironina na fibrose hepática em ratos. MéTODOS: No presente estudo, a fibrose foi induzida em ratos pela administração de dimetilnitrosamina (10 mg/kg) durante 5 semanas. Após a biopsia do fígado, os ratos receberam a solução de fatores hepatotróficos (40 mg/kg/dia) ou solução salina por injeção intraperitonial, durante 10 dias. Amostras sanguíneas e fragmentos do fígado foram coletados para análise da função hepática, avaliação do critério histopatológico e quantificação morfométrica do colágeno. RESULTADOS: Os ratos do grupo fatores hepatotróficos demonstraram diminuição dos componentes histopatológicos da fibrose e aumento de massa hepática (12,2 por cento). Não houve o desenvolvimento de lesões neoplásicas em ambos os grupos. Comparado com o grupo de salina, no grupo fatores hepatotróficos também houve diminuição nos níveis dos marcadores sanguíneos de lesão hepática (AST e ALT), e diminuição da quantidade de colágeno nos espaços porta (31,6 por cento) e espaços perissinusoidais (42,3 por cento), assim como ao redor das veias terminais hepáticas (57,7 por cento). Assim, a administração de fatores hepatotróficos no sangue portal promoveu resposta regenerativa hepática, com redução da densidade volumétrica de colágeno, melhora na função hepática e melhora geral nos aspectos histopatológicos da fibrose. CONCLUSÃO: Juntos, estes resultados sugerem o potencial uso terapêutico desta solução de fatores hepatotróficos para tratar doenças hepáticas crônicas.

Modulation of extracellular matrix by nutritional hepatotrophic factors in thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in the rat

Nutritional substances associated to some hormones enhance liver regeneration when injected intraperitoneally, being denominated hepatotrophic factors (HF). Here we verified if a solution of HF (glucose, vitamins, salts, amino acids, glucagon, insulin, and triiodothyronine) can revert liver cirrhosis and how some extracellular matrices are affected. Cirrhosis was induced for 14 weeks in 45 female Wistar rats (200 mg) by intraperitoneal injections of thioacetamide (200 mg/kg). Twenty-five rats received intraperitoneal HF twice a day for 10 days (40 mL·kg-1·day-1) and 20 rats received physiological saline. Fifteen rats were used as control. The HF applied to cirrhotic rats significantly: a) reduced the relative mRNA expression of the genes: Col-α1 (-53 percent), TIMP-1 (-31.7 percent), TGF-β1 (-57.7 percent), and MMP-2 (-41.6 percent), whereas Plau mRNA remained unchanged; b) reduced GGT (-43.1 percent), ALT (-17.6 percent), and AST (-12.2 percent) serum levels; c) increased liver weight (11.3 percent), and reduced liver collagen (-37.1 percent), regenerative nodules size (-22.1 percent), and fibrous septum thickness. Progranulin protein (immunohistochemistry) and mRNA (in situ hybridization) were found in fibrous septa and areas of bile duct proliferation in cirrhotic livers. Concluding, HF improved the histology and serum biochemistry of liver cirrhosis, with an important reduction of interstitial collagen and increased extracelullar matrix degradation by reducing profibrotic gene expression.

Modulation of extracellular matrix by nutritional hepatotrophic factors in thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in the rat.

Nutritional substances associated to some hormones enhance liver regeneration when injected intraperitoneally, being denominated hepatotrophic factors (HF). Here we verified if a solution of HF (glucose, vitamins, salts, amino acids, glucagon, insulin, and triiodothyronine) can revert liver cirrhosis and how some extracellular matrices are affected. Cirrhosis was induced for 14 weeks in 45 female Wistar rats (200 mg) by intraperitoneal injections of thioacetamide (200 mg/kg). Twenty-five rats received intraperitoneal HF twice a day for 10 days (40 mL.kg-1.day-1) and 20 rats received physiological saline. Fifteen rats were used as control. The HF applied to cirrhotic rats significantly: a) reduced the relative mRNA expression of the genes: Col-alpha1 (-53%), TIMP-1 (-31.7%), TGF-beta1 (-57.7%), and MMP-2 (-41.6%), whereas Plau mRNA remained unchanged; b) reduced GGT (-43.1%), ALT (-17.6%), and AST (-12.2%) serum levels; c) increased liver weight (11.3%), and reduced liver collagen (-37.1%), regenerative nodules size (-22.1%), and fibrous septum thickness. Progranulin protein (immunohistochemistry) and mRNA (in situ hybridization) were found in fibrous septa and areas of bile duct proliferation in cirrhotic livers. Concluding, HF improved the histology and serum biochemistry of liver cirrhosis, with an important reduction of interstitial collagen and increased extracelullar matrix degradation by reducing profibrotic gene expression.

Comparison of colon-cleansing methods in preparation for colonoscopy--comparative efficacy of solutions of mannitol, sodium picosulfate and monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphates.

PURPOSE: Colonoscopy plays an essential role in the therapeutic and diagnostic approach in various colonic pathologies, the aim of the present study was to compare three solutions and their efficacy for the bowel preparation in adult patients submitted to elective colonoscopy. METHODS: Sixty patients were randomly divided into three groups of 20 each. Each group was submitted to a bowel preparation with one of the following solutions: 10% manitol, sodium picosulphate or sodium phosphate. The parameters evaluated were: taste, tolerance, associated side effects and quality of cleansing. Postural blood pressure and pulse rate as well as serum sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate were compared. RESULTS: Sodium phosphate and 10% manitol solutions provided superior results in terms of colon cleansing compared to sodium picosulphate solution. All serum electrolytes evaluated were significantly altered in the three groups, without important clinical signs. DISCUSSION: High levels of serum phosphate were the most striking alteration in patients prepared with sodium phosphate solution, again with no clinical signs. Variations related to blood pressure and pulse rate suggested contraction of intravascular volume, with no clinical effects. CONCLUSION: Sodium phosphate and 10% manitol solutions are equivalent in providing good quality colon cleansing, with no significant side effects that could compromise the procedure.

Comparison of colon-cleansing methods in preparation for colonoscopy - Comparative efficacy of solutions of mannitol, sodium picosulfate and monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphates / Estudo comparativo entre as soluções de manitol, picossulfato de sódio e fosfato monobásico e dibásico de sódio no preparo de cólon para colonoscopia

PURPOSE: Colonoscopy plays an essential role in the therapeutic and diagnostic approach in various colonic pathologies, the aim of the present study was to compare three solutions and their efficacy for the bowel preparation in adult patients submitted to elective colonoscopy. METHODS: Sixty patients were randomly divided into three groups of 20 each. Each group was submitted to a bowel preparation with one of the following solutions: 10 percent manitol, sodium picosulphate or sodium phosphate. The parameters evaluated were: taste, tolerance, associated side effects and quality of cleansing. Postural blood pressure and pulse rate as well as serum sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate were compared. RESULTS: Sodium phosphate and 10 percent manitol solutions provided superior results in terms of colon cleansing compared to sodium picosulphate solution. All serum electrolytes evaluated were significantly altered in the three groups, without important clinical signs. DISCUSSION: High levels of serum phosphate were the most striking alteration in patients prepared with sodium phosphate solution, again with no clinical signs. Variations related to blood pressure and pulse rate suggested contraction of intravascular volume, with no clinical effects. CONCLUSION: Sodium phosphate and 10 percent manitol solutions are equivalent in providing good quality colon cleansing, with no significant side effects that could compromise the procedure.

INTRODUÇÃO: A colonoscopia é exame fundamental na avaliação das doenças do cólon e na abordagem terapêutica de determinado grupo de patologias. O preparo intestinal é obrigatório para a realização das colonoscopias eletivas, e a qualidade encontra-se relacionada ao sucesso do procedimento. Comparou-se três soluções para limpeza anterógrada do cólon em pacientes adultos, submetidos à colonoscopia. METODOS: Sessenta pacientes foram distribuídos em três grupos de vinte. Cada grupo realizou o preparo do cólon com uma das três soluções estudadas: manitol a 10 por cento (MN), picossulfato sódico (PS) e fosfato monobásico e dibásico de sódio (NaP). O sabor, a tolerância, os efeitos colaterais, os custos e a qualidade de limpeza do preparo foram avaliados. Frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial sistêmica foram analisados. Variações dos eletrólitos foram dosados antes e após o preparo. RESULTADOS: Os resultados foram semelhantes em relação aos efeitos colaterais. O sabor da solução de NaP não chegou a comprometer a sua aceitação. DISCUSSÃO: Soluções de NaP e MN proporcionaram resultados superiores tanto em qualidade de limpeza colônica, como em relação aos custos, quando comparadas à solução de PS. CONCLUSÃO: Comparados os três, os eletrólitos avaliados apresentaram diferenças significativas, sendo a hiperfosfatemia dos pacientes com a solução de NaP, a mais importante.

Comparison of colon-cleansing methods in preparation for colonoscopy - Comparative efficacy of solutions of mannitol, sodium picosulfate and monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphates / Estudo comparativo entre as soluções de manitol, picossulfato de sódio e fosfato monobásico e dibásico de sódio no preparo de cólon para colonoscopia

PURPOSE: Colonoscopy plays an essential role in the therapeutic and diagnostic approach in various colonic pathologies, the aim of the present study was to compare three solutions and their efficacy for the bowel preparation in adult patients submitted to elective colonoscopy. METHODS: Sixty patients were randomly divided into three groups of 20 each. Each group was submitted to a bowel preparation with one of the following solutions: 10 percent manitol, sodium picosulphate or sodium phosphate. The parameters evaluated were: taste, tolerance, associated side effects and quality of cleansing. Postural blood pressure and pulse rate as well as serum sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate were compared. RESULTS: Sodium phosphate and 10 percent manitol solutions provided superior results in terms of colon cleansing compared to sodium picosulphate solution. All serum electrolytes evaluated were significantly altered in the three groups, without important clinical signs. DISCUSSION: High levels of serum phosphate were the most striking alteration in patients prepared with sodium phosphate solution, again with no clinical signs. Variations related to blood pressure and pulse rate suggested contraction of intravascular volume, with no clinical effects. CONCLUSION: Sodium phosphate and 10 percent manitol solutions are equivalent in providing good quality colon cleansing, with no significant side effects that could compromise the procedure.(AU)

INTRODUÇÃO: A colonoscopia é exame fundamental na avaliação das doenças do cólon e na abordagem terapêutica de determinado grupo de patologias. O preparo intestinal é obrigatório para a realização das colonoscopias eletivas, e a qualidade encontra-se relacionada ao sucesso do procedimento. Comparou-se três soluções para limpeza anterógrada do cólon em pacientes adultos, submetidos à colonoscopia. METODOS: Sessenta pacientes foram distribuídos em três grupos de vinte. Cada grupo realizou o preparo do cólon com uma das três soluções estudadas: manitol a 10 por cento (MN), picossulfato sódico (PS) e fosfato monobásico e dibásico de sódio (NaP). O sabor, a tolerância, os efeitos colaterais, os custos e a qualidade de limpeza do preparo foram avaliados. Frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial sistêmica foram analisados. Variações dos eletrólitos foram dosados antes e após o preparo. RESULTADOS: Os resultados foram semelhantes em relação aos efeitos colaterais. O sabor da solução de NaP não chegou a comprometer a sua aceitação. DISCUSSÃO: Soluções de NaP e MN proporcionaram resultados superiores tanto em qualidade de limpeza colônica, como em relação aos custos, quando comparadas à solução de PS. CONCLUSÃO: Comparados os três, os eletrólitos avaliados apresentaram diferenças significativas, sendo a hiperfosfatemia dos pacientes com a solução de NaP, a mais importante.(AU)

Estudio comparado de dos selladores (Yodo y solución electrolizada pH neutro) para prevenir mastitis en ganado Holstein / Comparative study of two sealants (Iodine and pH neutral electrolyzed solution) to prevent mastitis in Holstein cattle

Es importante en sistemas de producción, determinar la presencia de mastitis su control para garantizar la calidad, lo que puede realizarse a través del conteo celular somático (CCS). En vacas con ubres sanas, es menor de 200,000 células/ml. La mastitis es factor de influencia en el CCS y cualquier medida para su prevención, favorece la calidad de la leche, como es el sellado de pezones después del ordeño. Considerando que los microorganismos patógenos generan resistencia a los desinfectantes, representa un reto contar con alternativas para su control, como las soluciones de superoxidación. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la eficacia de dos selladores yodo vs solución electrolizada superoxidada de pH neutro fase semisólida (gel), para prevenir mastitis en ganado Holstein. El trabajo se realizó en Uruétaro, municipio de Tarímbaro Michoacán. El periodo de estudio fue 21 días. La población en estudio estuvo conformada por 32 vacas, considerando número de parto menor a 4 y menor a 305 días en leche. La población objetivo fue de 10 animales, los cuales se distribuyeron al azar en dos grupos. Al grupo 1 se le aplicó yodo y al grupo 2 con gel (100 ml 25 mg cloruro de sodio). Después del ordeño, se procedió a sellar los pezones. Se realizaron 4 muestreos diagnósticos seriados con la técnica de Winsconsin (WMT), con intervalo de 7 días. Los resultados fueron analizados con un diseño completamente al azar utilizando la metodología de mínimos cuadrados generalizados. Las variables consideradas fueron: CCS, producción, número de lactancia y días en leche. El comportamiento de los tratamientos con respecto al inicio y al final del periodo de observación se encontró que el CCS fue de 60.8 por ciento más con respecto al inicio cuando se utilizó el yodo y -42.2 por ciento con el gel. El yodo mostró menos eficacia en relación con gel (p menor que 0.01), observando que el yodo, disminuye su eficacia para el control de CCS en ...

Bacterial survival rate on toothbrushes and their decontamination with antimicrobial solutions

O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a taxa de sobrevivência bacteriana em escovas dentais após a escovação e a eficácia na sua descontaminação pelo borrifamento de soluções antimicrobianas. Trinta indivíduos foram instruídos a borrifar as soluções nas cerdas das escovas após a escovação. Cada voluntário testou três sprays, uma solução por semana; os sprays foram rotulados spray 1 (cloreto de cetilpiridínio - CCP - e formulação básica), 2 (formulação básica apenas) e 3 (controle - água de torneira esterilizada). Ao final de cada semana, as escovas eram recolhidas e introduzidas no caldo Letheen®, submetidas a ultra-som, à diluição decimal seriada e as suspensões semeadas em vários meios de cultura. As bactérias anaeróbias, avaliadas pela contagem de colônias de microrganismos produtores de pigmento negro no meio Ask, foram recuperadas em 83,3% das amostras, estreptococos em 80% e bacilos aeróbios Gram-negativos em 46,7% das amostras nos testes controle. Houve uma significante redução na contaminação das escovas dentais com os sprays antimicrobianos 1 e 2, o primeiro mostrando maior redução nas contagens de bactérias.

Glucosa-potasio-insulina en revascularización coronaria / Glucose-potasium-insulin containing solution in coronary artery by-pass

Se estudiaron 20 pacientes para cirugía de puentes aortocoronarios, los cuales fueron divididos en dos grupos: Grupo I (10 pacientes; 8 masculinos y 2 femeninos), los cuales recibieron una solución conteniendo glucosa-potasio-insulina. El grupo II (control, 10 pacientes, 8 masculinos y 2 femeninos), los cuales recibieron una solución Hartman Todos fueron monitorizados con electrocardiograma (derivación DII - V5), línea arterial, catéter en arteria pulmonar y en el seno coronario, frecuencia cardiaca, presión arterial media, gasto cardiaco y sus derivadas. Así mismo electrolitos, glucosa sanguínea y lactos en el seno coronario; efectuándose mediciones: basal, 5, 15, 30 y 60 minutos después de iniciada la infusión. Los cambios fueron analizados para detectar cualquier cambio usando la prueba de Wilcoxon y t de student pareada. Encontrándose cambios significativos en el grupo 1 al aumentar el gasto cardiaco, índice cardiaco, v menor producción de lactatos en el seno coronario, comparadas al grupo control. En conclusión de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en este estudio creemos que la solución polarizante puede ser usada en el paciente coronario con efectos benéficos hemodinámicos y sin complicaciones