Introduction to the organically based therapies.

The author presents his whole-life experience with biological treatment of mental disorders. He qualified 50 years ago in 1933 and has been psychiatrist for 50 years. During his practice extending over half a century he tested personally and clinical work all biological therapeutic procedures in psychiatry, starting with treatment by pharmacogenic sleep, all types of shock therapy, psychosurgery, modern psychiatric pharmacotherapy as well as possibilities of contemporary prevention of psychiatric diseases by thymoprophylaxis . In this chapter the author presents a chronological review of different types and forms of biological therapy in psychiatry and his own views on the therapeutic effectiveness on different methods of biologically oriented psychiatric therapy.

[Historical notes on the therapy of depression]. / Zur Geschichte der Depressionsbehandlung.

Melancholy originally had another meaning from the present one. Only since the last century has melancholy taken on the meaning of severe depression. The Arabs were the first to introduce special wards for the mentally ill in their hospitals in the 8th and 9th centuries. In the West, mental wards in general hospitals have been known since the 13th century only. In the Renaissance dietary measures played an important part in the treatment of depression. Lean meat, fresh eggs, freshwater fish and particularly grapes were recommended. In the 17th and 18th centuries music therapy against depression came back into favour after being used in ancient times. In the 19th century opium was recommended and held its ground well into the middle of our century. Various methods and drugs were recommended and used for the therapy of depression in the 19th century, such as baths and massage, ferrous iodide, arsenic, ergot, strophantin, and cinchona. Actual antidepressants have been known only for approximately 30 years. The classic papers concerning therapy with lithium salts date back to the years 1948/49. It is a little known fact, however, that lithium salts had been used as prophylactic treatment against periodic depression 50 years earlier.