Survey investigating factors affecting recruitment and retention in the UK veterinary nursing profession.

BACKGROUND: Recruitment and retention have been identified as contributing factors to workforce shortages in the veterinary team. METHODS: Results from veterinary nurses to an online questionnaire regarding recruitment and retention were analysed. RESULTS: Veterinary nurses had few job changes (median 2); however, 53.8% (n = 1060) reported they were likely or very likely to leave their employment within 2 years. Respondents who were recently qualified (p < 0.001) and on lower salaries (p < 0.001) were significantly more likely to plan to leave. The most frequently chosen reasons to stay in a position were team, location and working hours, while reasons to leave were salary, management and work-life balance. Respondents most disliked 'dealing with people', remuneration and work-life balance and would like to change the salary, management and team aspects. Employers reported difficulty in employing an experienced veterinary nurse. LIMITATIONS: A questionnaire simplifies the nature of retention. Also, a comparatively low number of responses was received, with overrepresentation of some groups. It was conducted in 2018; however, it still provides a useful comparison for studies regarding recent world events. CONCLUSION: The shortage of veterinary nurses is due in part to the lack of retention within the profession. Adequate recompense for work undertaken and value attributed to the role are suggested as contributing factors.

Veterinary technology graduates' perceptions of their education and subsequent employment experiences.

AIMS: To describe the current employment status of Bachelor of Veterinary Technology (BVetTech) graduates in New Zealand, to assess how well they felt that their degree programme had prepared them for practice, and to explore their experiences in their current job roles. METHODS: All 195 individuals who completed the BVetTech degree at Massey University between 2011 and 2018 were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey regarding their education and employment experiences. Descriptive statistics were provided for all quantitative study variables and thematic analysis was performed on the free-text survey comments. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 125/195 (64.1%) BVetTech graduates. Of these, 96/125 (76.8%) were engaged in full-time or part-time veterinary work. The most common work environments were small animal practice (55/125; 44.0%) and mixed animal practice (19/125; 15.2%). The median reported annual salary was NZ$42,640 (mean $45,817; min $34,515; max $80,000) while the median reported hourly wage was NZ$20.00 (mean $21.01; min $17.70; max $27.00). Most respondents generally agreed with statements that their degree had prepared them well for different aspects of their subsequent work as veterinary technologists with "understanding the scientific rationale behind clinical decisions in practice" and "gaining hands-on practical experience that directly linked with their classroom learning" highlighted as being the best aspects of their education. However, respondents expressed the need for more training in client interactions and veterinary business management. Common themes that emerged when respondents were asked to describe the best things about their work were "forming relationships with animals, clients, and co-workers," "making a meaningful difference through their work," and "having opportunities to use and develop their skills" while the worst things about their job were "underutilisation of their skills," "poor pay in relation to their education and skill," and "compassion fatigue arising from dealing with euthanasia and difficult clients." Another common theme across free-text questions was the lack of employer awareness about the capabilities of a veterinary technologist. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Recent BVetTech graduates were generally satisfied with their educational experience, but perceived that employers underestimated the value of their training and consequently underutilised their skills. This highlights the need for additional research to better estimate the value of veterinary technologists to the New Zealand animal health industries as well as additional extension efforts to increase awareness amongst employers about the scope of responsibilities that veterinary technologists are legally able to perform in practice.

'Vet nurses must not be seen as cheap labour'.

Following recent remarks by CVS boss Simon Innes on vet nursing, Wendy Nevins argues that nurses should be regarded as not just a cost within a practice, but potential revenue generators for practices.

Improving the delivery of veterinary services in Africa: insights from the empirical application of transaction costs theory in Uganda and Kenya.

This paper presents a summary of findings from a research project that examined institutional arrangements for providing animal health services in Uganda and Kenya. Given the need to find solutions to the pervasive governance challenges encountered in the delivery of veterinary services in Africa, the study applied transaction economics theory to generate recommendations on how to improve the delivery of these services and minimise livestock production risks, including those that pose a risk to human health, e.g. zoonoses. The most notable recommendations are as follows: i) lower- and middle-income countries should invest in creating an enabling environment that supports the relationship between professional veterinarians and para-professionals, to ensure the timely reporting, treatment and control of animal diseases; ii) the provision of veterinary extension services should not focus solely on household 'heads', but also on other household members, such as wives and children, and on herdsmen; iii) strong government engagement is required in the provision of veterinary services for pastoral or extensive livestock production systems, because normal market forces have failed to attract professional veterinarians and trained para-professionals from the private sector to work in these sectors; iv) farmers must be empowered to hold service providers accountable, by the development and trialling of tools that would enable them to measure the quality of services that they receive and to verify the qualifications of different service providers; v) investment in veterinary education is vital, to ensure that enough qualified veterinary staff are available to offer veterinary services to farmers.

L'auteur propose une synthèse des principales conclusions d'un projet de recherche consacré aux dispositifs institutionnels élaborés en Ouganda et au Kenya pour encadrer la prestation des services de santé animale. Face à la nécessité de trouver des solutions aux graves difficultés de gouvernance qui entravent la prestation de services vétérinaires en Afrique, cette étude s'est fondée sur la théorie des transactions économiques pour formuler quelques recommandations sur les moyens d'améliorer la prestation de ces services et de minimiser les risques affectant la production animale, y compris ceux qui peuvent menacer la santé publique, à savoir les zoonoses. Les principales recommandations de l'étude sont les suivantes : i) les pays à faible revenu et à revenu intermédiaire devraient s'investir dans la création d'un environnement propice à la coopération entre les vétérinaires professionnels et les para-professionnels vétérinaires, afin d'assurer la notification rapide, le traitement et la prophylaxie des maladies animales ; ii) les prestations de services vétérinaires de proximité ne doivent pas se limiter aux seuls « chefs de famille ¼ mais s'adresser également aux autres membres des foyers (les épouses et les enfants) ainsi qu'aux gardiens des troupeaux; iii) une mobilisation forte des pouvoirs publics est nécessaire pour assurer la prestation de services vétérinaires au sein des systèmes d'élevage pastoral ou extensif, dans la mesure où les forces spontanées du marché ont échoué à attirer les vétérinaires libéraux et les para-professionnels qualifiés du secteur privé dans ces territoires ; iv) les éleveurs doivent disposer des moyens de demander des comptes aux prestataires de services, ce qui suppose de concevoir et de tester des outils leur permettant d'évaluer la qualité des services rendus et de vérifier les qualifications des différents prestataires de services ; v) l'investissement dans l'enseignement de la médecine vétérinaire est d'une importance capitale pour garantir que les effectifs des personnels vétérinaires qualifiés sont suffisants pour assurer une prestation de services adéquate aux éleveurs.

El autor resume las conclusiones de un proyecto de investigación en el que se estudiaron los dispositivos institucionales destinados a prestar servicios zoosanitarios en Uganda y Kenia. Dada la necesidad de encontrar soluciones para los omnipresentes problemas de buen gobierno que lastran la prestación de servicios veterinarios en África, en el estudio se aplicó la teoría de la economía de transacción para formular una serie de recomendaciones sobre la manera de mejorar la prestación de dichos servicios y reducir al mínimo los riesgos para la producción ganadera, en particular aquellos que entrañen una amenaza para la salud humana, como las zoonosis. Las recomendaciones más destacadas son las siguientes: i) los países de nivel bajo o medio de renta deben invertir en la creación de condiciones que favorezcan la relación entre los veterinarios profesionales y los paraprofesionales, con objeto de lograr una mayor puntualidad en la notificación, el tratamiento y el control de las enfermedades animales; ii) la prestación de servicios de divulgación veterinaria no debe ir dirigida únicamente a los «cabezas de familia¼, sino también a los demás miembros de la unidad familiar (esposa e hijos, por ejemplo) y a los encargados de cuidar de los rebaños; iii) en sistemas de producción ganadera pastoral o extensiva la prestación de servicios veterinarios exige una fuerte participación del sector público, puesto que los mecanismos de mercado no han servido para atraer a veterinarios profesionales y a paraprofesionales cualificados del sector privado para que trabajen en esos sectores; iv) es preciso habilitar a los pequeños productores para que sean exigentes con los proveedores de servicios, elaborando y aplicando experimentalmente herramientas que los capaciten para enjuiciar la calidad de los servicios que reciben y comprobar las cualificaciones de los distintos proveedores de servicios; v) es esencial invertir en la enseñanza de la veterinaria a fin de lograr que haya una dotación suficiente de veterinarios cualificados para ofrecer servicios veterinarios a los productores.