Efecto tóxico de Argemone subfusiformis Ownb. y Tagetes patula Link sobre larvas del IV estadio y pupas de Aedes aegypti L / Toxic activity of Argemone subfusiformis Ownb. and Tagetes patula Link against Aedes aegypti L. fourth instar larvae and pupae

En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto tóxico de los extractos etanólicos foliares de Argemone subfusiformis “cardo santo” y Tagetes patula “marigold” sobre larvas IV y pupas de Aedes aegypti. El procesamiento de los extractos y los bioensayos se realizaron en el Laboratorio de Entomología de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Perú, de abril a diciembre de 2007, basados en los lineamientos metodológicos de la World Health Organization (2005). En larvas, se registró 100% de mortalidad con 76,8 y 153,6 mg/L del extracto de A. subfusiformis a las 12 horas de exposición, mientras que en pupas el mismo porcentaje de mortalidad se alcanzó con 153,6 mg/L a las 24 horas. De otro lado, el 92% y 77% de mortalidad en larvas y pupas respectivamente se registró con el extracto de T. patula al emplear 153,6 mg/L del extracto a las 48 horas. En A. subfusiformis las concentraciones letales al 50% (CL50) y al 90% (CL90) a las 48 horas se registraron con 6,24 y 9,91 mg/L sobre larvas y con 9,45 mg/L. y 16,92 mg/L sobre pupas. En T. patula la CL50 y CL90 a las 48 horas se registraron con 72,21 mg/L. y 137,37 mg/L sobre larvas y con 89,1 mg/L. y 167,38 mg/L sobre para pupas. Según el ANAVA existen diferencias significativas entre los tiempos de exposición y los tratamientos. La susceptibilidad de larvas y pupas de A. aegypti se evidenciaron mediante las rectas probit-logarítmicas que indican efecto tóxico de sus hojas, siendo A. subfusiformis la especie con mayor índice de mortalidad.

The aim of this research work was evaluate toxic activity of ethanolic extracts from Argemone subfusiformis “Holy thistle” & Tagetes patula “French marigold” leaves against Aedes aegypti fourth instar larvae and pupae were evaluated. Bioassay and extract processing were performed in Entomology Laboratory of National University of Trujillo, Perú, from April to December, 2007, outlined by World Health Organization (2005) standard protocol. Larvae and pupae mortality rates reached using A. subfusiformis extract were 100% with concentrations of 76,8 mg/L. and 153,6 mg/L. at 12 hours of exposure, while pupae mortality was to a concentration of 153,6 mg/L. at 24 hours of exposure. By using T. patula extract mortality rates reached were 92% and 77% on larvae and pupae, respectively with a concentration of 153,6 mg/L. at 48 hours of exposure. A. subfusiformis extracts showed LC50 and LC90 values at 48 hours on larvae which were 6,24 mg/L. and 9,91 mg/L. and pupae LC50 and LC90 values were 9,45 mg/L. and 16,92 mg/L. T patula extracts showed LC50 and LC90 values at 48 hours on larvae which were 72,21 mg/L. and 137,37 mg/L. and pupae LC50 and LC90 values were 89,1 mg/L. and 167,38 mg/L. According to ANAVA were observed significant difference among four times of exposure and five concentration levels. Larvae and pupae susceptibilities were assessed by means of log-dosage/probit lines. Both species showed leaf toxic activities against A. aegypti fourth instar larvae and pupae, being the major values of mortality to A. subfusiformis.

Toxicity profile of lutein and lutein ester isolated from marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta).

Lutein is a carotenoid with antioxidant properties and is commonly present in many fruits, vegetables, and egg yolk. Lutein affords protection against the development of the two common eye diseases of aging: cataract and macular degeneration. As the dietary lutein concentration is much lower compared to the actual requirement to reduce macular degeneration, supplementation of lutein is under consideration. There are very few data on the toxicity of lutein. In the present study, the authors have evaluated the short-term and long-term toxicity profile of lutein and its esterified form isolated from marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta) in young adult male and female Wistar rats. Lutein and its ester form administered orally at doses of 4, 40, and 400 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks for short-term toxicity study and 13 weeks for a subchronic toxicity study did not produced any mortality, change in body weight, food consumption pattern, organ weight, and other adverse side reactions. Administration of lutein and ester form did not alter the hepatic and renal function, and did not produce any change in the hematological parameters and in lipid profile. Histopathological analysis of the organs supported the nontoxicity of lutein and its ester form.

Hypotensive and toxicological study of citric acid and other constituents from Tagetes patula roots.

Study of the effects of the methanolic extract of Tagetes patula roots on blood pressure led to the isolation of well known citric (1) and malic acid (7) as hypotensive, and pyridine hydrochloride (4) as hypertensive constituents of the plant along with a new constituent, 2-hydroxy, 5-hydroxymethyl furan (9). Citric acid and malic acid caused 71% and 43% fall in Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP) of rats at the doses of 15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg respectively while pyridine hydrochloride produced 34% rise in the MABP of rats at the dose of 30 mg/kg. LD50 and LD100 of citric acid in mice have been determined as 545 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, respectively.

Evaluación de la toxicidad subaguda de las partes aéreas de tagetas lucida (pericón) y hojas de Sanseviera guineensis (Curarina) / Evaluation of subacute toxicity of the aerial parts of tagetas lucida (pericón) and leaves of Sanseviera guineensis (Curarina)

presente trabajo de investigación, se evaluó la toxicidad subaguda de las hojas de Sansaviera guineensis (curarina) y de las hojas, flor y tallo de Tagetes lucida (pericón), plantas muy utilizadas debido a sus propiedades medicinales; principalmente a la acción antimalárica, de la primera y antiespasmódica de la segunda.