Assuntos
Cacau/intoxicação , Doenças do Cão/induzido quimicamente , Antagonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 1/administração & dosagem , Animais , Gasometria/veterinária , Pressão Venosa Central/efeitos dos fármacos , Diarreia/induzido quimicamente , Diarreia/veterinária , Diuréticos/administração & dosagem , Doenças do Cão/fisiopatologia , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Cães , Eletrocardiografia/veterinária , Eletrólitos/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Hidratação/veterinária , Furosemida/administração & dosagem , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Intoxicação/fisiopatologia , Intoxicação/terapia , Intoxicação/veterinária , Propanolaminas/administração & dosagem , Pulso Arterial/veterinária , Teobromina/sangue , Teobromina/intoxicação , Vômito/induzido quimicamente , Vômito/veterinária , Xantinas/sangue , Xantinas/intoxicaçãoRESUMO
A red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and a European badger (Meles meles) were found dead on a golf-course in October 1997 near Stockholm (Sweden). At necropsy, both animals were obese and the main finding was acute circulatory collapse. Theobromine intoxication was suspected as chocolate waste was available at a nearby farm and no other cause of death could be detected. Gastric contents and samples of liver from both animals were analyzed by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography for the presence of methylxanthines. Theobromine and caffeine were detected in gastric contents and theobromine was identified in the liver samples from both animals. This appears to be the first report of theobromine intoxication in the red fox and the European badger.
Assuntos
Cacau/intoxicação , Carnívoros , Raposas , Teobromina/intoxicação , Doenças dos Animais/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Cafeína/análise , Carnívoros/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/veterinária , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Raposas/metabolismo , Fígado/química , Masculino , Suécia , Xantinas/análiseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical signs following ingestion of an herbal supplement containing guarana and ma huang in dogs, estimate minimum dose at which clinical signs of toxicosis and death were reported, and evaluate treatment options. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 47 dogs with evidence of ingestion of an herbal supplement containing primarily guarana and ma huang. PROCEDURE: Records of dogs that had ingested an herbal supplement containing ma huang and guarana between July 1997 and October 1999 were retrieved from the National Animal Poison Control Center database. Data were retrieved and reviewed regarding signalment, dose ingested, clinical signs, laboratory test results, treatment, and final outcome. Cases were assessed by staff veterinarians as toxicosis or suspected toxicosis on the basis of strength of evidence supporting a diagnosis. RESULTS: Most dogs (80%) developed clinical signs of toxicosis within 8 hours of ingestion, and clinical signs persisted for up to 48 hours. Hyperactivity, tremors, seizures, and behavior changes were reported in 83% of dogs; other signs included vomiting (47%), tachycardia (30%), and hyperthermia (28%). Seventeen percent of the dogs died or were euthanatized. Estimated doses of guarana and ma huang ranged from 4.4 to 296.2 mg/kg (1.98 to 133.2 mg/lb) and 1.3 to 88.9 mg/kg (0.58 to 40.0 mg/lb) of body weight, respectively; minimum dose at which death was reported was 19.1 mg of guarana/kg (8.7 mg/lb) and 5.8 mg of ma huang/kg (2.6 mg/lb). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Accidental ingestion of herbal supplements containing primarily guarana and ma huang in dogs can lead to a potentially lethal condition that may require prompt detoxification and supportive treatment for several days. Most dogs recovered with supportive treatment.
Assuntos
Cafeína/intoxicação , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/intoxicação , Doenças do Cão/induzido quimicamente , Efedrina/intoxicação , Fitoterapia , Teobromina/intoxicação , Teofilina/intoxicação , Animais , Suplementos Nutricionais/intoxicação , Doenças do Cão/fisiopatologia , Cães , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosAssuntos
Cacau/intoxicação , Morte Súbita/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Animais , Cacau/química , Morte Súbita/etiologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/mortalidade , Cães , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Masculino , Intoxicação/diagnóstico , Intoxicação/etiologia , Intoxicação/veterinária , Teobromina/análise , Teobromina/farmacocinética , Teobromina/intoxicaçãoRESUMO
Cacao bean shells contain potentially toxic quantities of theobromine, a xanthine compound similar in effects to caffeine and theophylline. A dog, which ingested a lethal quantity of garden mulch made from cacao bean shells, developed severe convulsions and died 17 hours later. Analysis of the stomach contents and the ingested cacao bean shells revealed the presence of lethal amounts of theobromine.