'Finding the play' - exploring with occupational therapists practice possibilities in the context of Irish schoolyards.

BACKGROUND: Research has identified diverse constraints to the adoption of school-based occupational therapy approaches and a lack of attention to addressing the barriers to children's play opportunities. Critical contextualised research is advocated to inform practice possibilities. AIMS/OBJECTIVES: This inquiry aimed to explore with occupational therapists their existing practices in Irish schoolyards to generate practice possibilities concerned with play, as an issue of occupational justice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the theory of practice architectures, six occupational therapists from diverse sites of practice participated in the first phase of a critical action research process using dialogical focus group and occupational mapping methods. RESULTS: Three themes were generated (1) Existing practices as situated (2) (Re)mattering play and practices as occupations and (3) Practice possibilities - 'Finding the play' between responsiveness and responsibilities. A further interrelated dimension was how the research methods provided mechanisms of raising consciousness. CONCLUSIONS, AND SIGNIFICANCE: Alongside constructing knowledges on existing practices in an Irish context, this inquiry contributes to understandings of practices as socially embedded generative processes of 'finding the play', highlighting ethical responsibilities to make visible inequities reproduced in habitual practices and engage in relationships of solidarity to (re)construct alternative shared practices.

Experiences of occupational therapists within an ACT-based interdisciplinary pain management program.

BACKGROUND: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-based interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs have shown effective results. While occupational therapy within these programs has made a unique contribution to pain management because of its focus on occupation and use of group activities, little is known about occupational therapists' own experiences of it. AIM: The aim of this study was to describe the occupational therapists' experiences of working in a manual-based interdisciplinary pain management program grounded in ACT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six occupational therapists at a pain rehabilitation clinic were interviewed. Data were analysed using Braun and Clark's thematic analysis. RESULTS: The occupational therapists experienced that ACT and occupational therapy complement each other and that ACT facilitated comprehension of occupational therapy interventions. With ACT, the team gained a common language, which made teamwork and patient comprehension more efficient. A behavioural analysis (SORC) served as a link between occupational therapy and ACT. CONCLUSIONS: Manual-based occupational therapy activity group interventions with elements of ACT were felt to enhance the patient's understanding of their rehabilitation and supported teamwork. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides further support for use of ACT in occupational therapy within interdisciplinary pain management programs. Occupational therapists' use of SORC is an area of development.

What are the experiences, preparation, and support needs of early career clinical educators within an Australian tertiary health service?: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: There is increasing demand for professional practice placement opportunities, supported by health professional educators, to enable future health workforce development. Early career health professionals performing the educator role is one strategy that can help meet this demand. However, there is a need to consider how best to prepare and support early career health professionals to become educators. This study aimed to explore the experiences and perspectives of early career occupational therapy clinical educators including their preparation and support needs. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were completed with ten early career occupational therapists who had supervised their first or second student on a professional practice placement. The participants worked within an Australian tertiary hospital and health service in various clinical settings. Interviews were completed within six weeks of placement completion and lasted approximately one hour. They were recorded and transcribed verbatim and reflexive inductive thematic analysis was undertaken to identify key themes. RESULTS: Ten occupational therapists, who had been working for an average of two years and two months, consented to participate. Initially, participants expressed mixed emotions about taking on the clinical educator role. They then described their adjustment to the role responsibilities, challenges encountered, and the development of the educator-student relationship. Participants found that the experience of supervising a student enhanced their educator, clinical, and professional skills and confidence. The important support elements of tailored educator preparation, placement design, and timely access to relevant resources and experienced staff were identified. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated how early career health professionals can possess desirable educator attributes, such as enthusiasm for taking on the role and cultivating collaborative learning relationships with their students. The experience of being an educator also presents a professional development opportunity for early career health professionals. Insights gained about the specific preparation and support needs of early career clinical educators warrant consideration by organisations and staff involved in the provision of student professional practice placements. Overall, this study's findings signify the importance of engaging and investing in early career health professionals to support student clinical education and to develop our current and future healthcare workforce.

Implementation of the My Abilities First Tool: A qualitative study on the perceptions of professionals, caregivers, children, and adolescents with disabilities.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the perceptions of professionals, caregivers, children, and adolescents with disabilities regarding the implementation of the My Abilities First (MAF) tool in Specialized Child Rehabilitation Centers (CERs). METHOD: This is a qualitative research based on Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA). The study involved twenty-seven intentionally selected individuals, comprising 12 physiotherapists, 4 occupational therapists, 11 caregivers, 9 children and 2 adolescents. Participants completed sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires and took part in semi-structured online interviews, focusing on two themes: Positive health approaches and the MAF tool. The study was approved by the local ethics committee (opinion 4.779.175). RESULTS: Reflexive Thematic Analysis of the interviews resulted in two themes: (1) Perceptions regarding the MAF tool as an educational and contributory process to enhance the inclusion and participation of children and adolescents with disabilities, and (2) Barriers and facilitators for the implementation process of the MAF tool. The implementation of MAF was identified as a driving factor in promoting equity and increased participation of children and adolescents with disabilities in various settings, including health, education, and leisure. Interviewees highlighted the need to confront attitudinal, communication, and social barriers that may hinder the implementation of the tool. CONCLUSION: The implementation of the MAF tool was perceived as an innovation due to its focus on the abilities of individuals with disabilities. However, there is a need to restructure it to broaden its scope and access to different contexts in order to confront barriers and enhance the inclusion and participation of children and adolescents with disabilities.

Collaboration in the midst of chaos: perspectives of inpatient occupational and physical therapists during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 700 million people globally, straining healthcare systems and highlighting the need for interprofessional collaboration. The aim of this study was to describe interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) experiences from the perspectives of occupational therapists (OTs) and physical therapists (PTs) who were employed in a medical center both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study, conducted from July 2020-November 2021, delved into the lived experiences of occupational and physical therapists in an inpatient setting during the pandemic through analysis of semi-structured interviews and journal entries. The pandemic prompted fear, uncertainty, and ethical dilemmas among therapists, affecting patient-centered care. Roles expanded, and teamwork challenges emerged in defining boundaries, while communication dynamics were transformed by virtual technologies. The pandemic affected therapists' values and ethics, and evolving roles brought expanded tasks. The crisis showcased both collaboration potential and the need to address team disparities. This study highlights the significance of values, roles, teams, and communication for occupational and physical therapists during the COVID-19 pandemic providing valuable insights into interprofessional collaboration's effect on healthcare delivery in times of crisis and beyond.

Attitudes and perceived barriers to evidence-based practice among occupational therapists in Jordan.

Evidence-based practice (EBP) refers to the clinical decision-making process incorporating the best available evidence from research, therapists' clinical experience, and patient values. The current study aimed to examine the experience of Jordanian occupational therapy practitioners (OTs) in using EBP and to identify the perceived barriers to implementing EBP among OTs in Jordan. The study utilized a cross-sectional descriptive study design. A questionnaire was emailed to OTs who have been working in Jordan for the last six months of their practice in a clinical setting. The majority of the participants had a positive attitude toward EBP. However, they reported several barriers to implementing EBP, including a lack of tools and equipment in clinical settings as a major barrier (65.8%). National collaborative actions are needed to develop strategies to improve the utilization of EBP in occupational therapy (OT) practice and to overcome the barriers therapists experience with implementing EBP.

Evidence-based practice - implementation level and attitude among physical, occupational, and speech and language therapists in Germany: status quo.

INTRODUCTION: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an important component of clinical practice in public health. Its implementation involves interpreting scientific studies and then applying this knowledge to clinical decision-making. In Germany, the therapy professions are often trained in non-academic medical schools, and only a small number of therapists are university graduates. AIMS: This study assessed the current status of EBP among physiotherapists, occupational therapists, and speech and language therapists and to determine whether academization influences the implementation of EBP in Germany. METHODS: To assess the EBP implementation level and therapists' attitudes toward EBP, a cross-sectional study was conducted using the German version of the Evidence-Based Practice Inventory (EBPI), which consists of five dimensions: attitude; subjective norm; perceived behavioral control; decision-making; and intention and behavior. The structural validity and internal consistency of the EBPI survey were also tested. RESULTS: Of the 2,412 responses, only 557 were eligible. There were statistically significant differences between academically educated vs. non-academically educated therapists in four of the five EBPI dimensions. Furthermore, four of the five dimensions had sufficient unidimensionality and internal consistency. CONCLUSION: There are differences between academically educated and non-academically educated therapists regarding EBP knowledge, attitudes, and implementation. Academically educated therapists are more likely to use EBP than non-academically educated therapists. There are still barriers to clinical application that need to be addressed. SPANISH ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A195.

A Scoping Review of Compassion Fatigue and Compassion Satisfaction in Burn Therapists.

Occupational and physical therapists who routinely provide potentially painful and distressing rehabilitation to burn survivors are at risk for developing compassion fatigue. Burn therapists may also experience compassion satisfaction based on the successes their patients accomplish. The purpose of this review was to synthesize the literature related to compassion fatigue and satisfaction in therapists who work with burn survivors, explore previously reported predictors and mediators of (and responses to) these constructs, and identify gaps in the literature. Original, peer-reviewed papers published from journal inception to May 2023 were obtained from 5 electronic bibliographic databases: CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science. Studies were eligible if they (1) reported compassion fatigue or its related concepts and (2) focused on occupational or physical therapists who work with burn survivors directly or as a member of a multidisciplinary burn treatment team. The initial search revealed 284 articles, 2 of which met inclusion criteria and are summarized in this scoping review. Neither article focused solely on burn therapists but examined the experiences of multidisciplinary burn team members working in single burn centers in North America. Both studies used a cross-sectional survey-based design to assess concepts related to compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction. This scoping review uncovered important gaps in the literature related to compassion fatigue or satisfaction in burn therapists. More research is needed to better understand the interplay between concepts as well as their relationship to burn therapists' outcomes.

Exploring the Sustainability of Home Modifications and Adaptations in Occupational Therapy.

Background. Many occupational therapists make home modification recommendations; however, it is unknown if sustainability considerations (i.e., economic, social, and environmental) are contemplated during this process. Purpose. To understand occupational therapists' perceptions regarding the sustainability of home modifications. Method. This study adopted a qualitative description approach. Researchers utilized semistructured interviews as the primary means of data collection. Findings. The ten female occupational therapists interviewed had three or more years of experience working with home modifications. The analysis identified three themes: It's not easy being green: environmental sustainability, stretching a dollar: financial inequities, and barriers and benefits in the home modification process. Implications. Findings suggest OTs have a varied and a general understanding of how to implement sustainability concepts in their practice. There is also a need to make access to home modifications more equitable. Further research is needed to build a more robust understanding of how OT recommended home modifications can contribute to sustainability.

Supporting self-determination in mental health recovery: Strategies employed by occupational therapists.

INTRODUCTION: Self-determination is a core component of mental health recovery and a predictor of positive outcomes. The literature calls for occupational therapists to lead practice change to greater recovery-orientation, including facilitating people's self-determination. However, systemic challenges thwart translation of policy into practice and therapists report a lack of confidence in implementing recovery-oriented principles. This study aimed to understand the strategies that mental health occupational therapists employ to support people's self-determination. METHODS: Data were collected through an international on-line questionnaire principally comprising two open-ended questions designed to elicit deep reflective personal accounts. Participants were asked about an experience in which they supported a person's self-determination and the factors that either facilitated or hindered this experience. Qualitative data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis, guided by constant comparative methods. FINDINGS: Thirty-four therapists, predominantly from Australia (n = 30), participated. Therapists described supporting self-determination as a multifaceted process that involved: (1) working on myself, (2) working with the person, and (3) working with others. They emphasised that the combined use of various strategies across these three areas of work was important to support people's self-determination. Further, awareness of and addressing issues of power in their practice was key. CONCLUSION: This study supports the translation of recovery-oriented principles into practice by revealing the nuanced strategies implemented by occupational therapists striving to support self-determination. Participants employed diverse strategies to empower people to take the 'driver's seat' in their mental health recovery journey. Insights from this study will support other occupational therapists to actualise recovery-oriented principles and better support self-determination in their practice. To effectively implement self-determination strategies, therapists must reflect on and address existing power differentials within mental health services, particularly between themselves and the people they support.

Occupational Therapy and Public Safety Personnel: Return to Work Practices and Experiences.

Background. Public safety personnel (PSP) are frequently exposed to psychological trauma through their work. Evidence shows that worker's compensation claims for work-related psychological injuries are on the rise for PSP. Occupational therapists increasingly provide return to work (RTW) services for this population. Purpose. To explore the therapeutic practices and personal experiences of occupational therapists working with PSP who have work-related psychological injuries. Method. This mixed methods descriptive study included a chart review of available occupational therapy client records from 2016 to 2020 for PSP with work-related psychological injuries from two Ontario companies. Additionally, a web-based self-report survey for Ontario occupational therapists providing RTW services to this same population was available from November 1, 2021 to June 1, 2022. Findings. The chart review included 31 client records and the online survey was completed by 49 Ontario occupational therapists. Therapists commonly provided services in clients' homes, workplaces, and communities, and focused on functional activities. The evidence base drawn on by therapists was not always occupation-based. Barriers to RTW included challenges with interprofessional collaboration, stigma, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications. Occupational therapists are commonly working with PSP with work-related psychological injuries and have the opportunity to contribute to the evidence base for occupational approaches to RTW.

Age-Related Cognitive Bias in the Assessment of Lateral Pinch Modulation by Occupational Therapists.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive bias may appear in occupational therapists' interpretation of physical examinations. Since different strategies for decision making have been shown to reduce bias, its quantification is an essential first step towards awareness and bias reduction. Our aims: (1) quantify cognitive bias by testing the differences in occupational therapists' assessment of lateral pinch force modulation between young and older adults, and between women and men; and (2) to test for a correlation between the tendency to bypass an intuitive response and the degree of cognitive bias. METHODS: Occupational therapists (n = 37; age 40.3 ± 11.4 years) used a visual analogue scale to rate pre-recorded simulations of the digital output of lateral pinch modulation videos of different levels of abilities coupled with videos of young/old men/woman pressing the force sensor. They filled out the Cognitive Reflection Test and the Rational-Experiential Inventory-40. RESULTS: Subjects showed higher bias towards old individuals compared to young ones (p < 0.001), but with no sex bias (p = 0.119). Rational ability correlated with cognitive bias of assessment of lateral pinch modulation in old individuals (r = 0.537, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: Occupational therapists might underestimate the physical abilities of older adults. Biased evaluation might cause assignment of redundant exercises and therefore loss of time, effort, and resources.

A Comparison of the Self-Perceived Organisational and Social Work Environment among Swedish Occupational Therapists in Different Job Sectors: An Observational Study.

Sick leave due to mental health problems is increasing, and there is evidence that it is associated with the individual's self-perceived organisational and social work environment. The aim of this study was to compare occupational therapists' self-perceived organisational and social work environments in different job sectors. The goal is to identify the sectors with the most unfavourable work environment and thus where the need to improve the work environment, to prevent mental health problems, is greatest. A web survey was emailed to working members of the Swedish Association of Occupational Therapists in February 2018 (n = 7600). The response rate was 48% (n = 3658). Studied job sectors were somatic specialist health care; elderly care; habilitation; psychiatric health care; primary health care; and university (n = 2648). This sample is representative of Swedish occupational therapists with respect to age, gender, and job sector. The web survey included questions on their sociodemographic characteristics and self-perceived organisational and social work environment regarding workload, control, community in the workplace, reward, justice, and values. Questions on the self-perceived organisational and social work environment were assessed by the QPS mismatch questionnaire. Differences in work environmental conditions between the job sectors were tested with ANOVA and post hoc multiple-group analysis. The results showed that occupational therapists working in psychiatric health care perceived the highest proportion of unfavourable working conditions. Occupational therapists who worked at universities perceived a higher workload than occupational therapists in most of the other studied job sectors. These job sectors need to be specifically addressed with adjustments to prevent mental health problems.

Using Practice-Based Inquiry to Enact Occupation-Centered, Justice-Oriented Practice in an Acute Mental Health Setting.

IMPORTANCE: Occupational therapy practitioners working in mental health settings in the United States are faced with challenges and barriers to implementing justice-oriented, occupation-centered practice. Research situated in the practice context with practitioners as coresearchers may provide an avenue for changing practice. OBJECTIVE: To describe the reconceptualization and redesign of occupational therapy services by a community of occupational therapy practitioners in an acute mental health setting in the United States. DESIGN: Practice-based inquiry, a form of practitioner-generated action research with a community of practice scholars (CoPS), guided the redesign of practice. SETTING: Acute mental health service in a large teaching hospital system. PARTICIPANTS: Nine occupational therapists comprised a CoPS and served as coresearchers and participants in the study. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Practitioner scholars' experiences of daily practice captured in individual reflections and collective research discussions were the source of data. Data collection, analysis, and action was an iterative process. Coresearchers coded and categorized findings and then developed themes reflecting changes enacted in practice. FINDINGS: The data analysis resulted in two themes characterizing how the CoPS reconceptualized and redesigned practice to reflect their commitment to occupation-centered and justice-focused occupational therapy: (1) occupational opportunities through direct services and (2) occupational opportunities through system-level change. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: For this CoPS, engaging in a practice-based inquiry facilitated a reconceptualization of their practice and widened their occupational lens, thus strengthening their identity as occupational therapists. Given the barriers to demonstrating occupational therapy's unique contribution to mental health practice, this research provides a valuable tool for practitioners. What This Article Adds: Occupational therapy practitioners who engage in context-specific, action-oriented research experience a transformative process that empowers them to address barriers often encountered in mental health practice and enact occupation-centered and justice-focused practice.

Bridging the transition from homelessness: Developing an occupational therapy framework.

BACKGROUND: Occupational therapists support individuals experiencing homelessness in traditional roles, and occupational therapy positions focussed specifically on homelessness appear to be growing. OBJECTIVES: To develop and refine a framework to guide occupational therapy practice and research in homelessness. METHOD: We developed a framework and refined it through a stakeholder consultation process conducted with 17 international occupational therapy experts using an online survey. In this survey, we presented an initial framework and requested qualitative feedback. We analyzed this qualitative data using content analysis. RESULTS: Stakeholder feedback was categorized into eight recommendations: (1) Revision to the 'four processes'; (2) Emphasizing social justice and systems-level advocacy; (3) Reflecting intersectionality; (4) Emphasizing meaningful activity; (5) Emphasizing peer support; (6) Incorporating a focus on independent living skills; (7) Increasing a focus on an activity for addressing substance misuse; and (8) Acknowledging cognitive and physical health. Each of these recommendations was incorporated into a refined version of this framework. These recommendations and a refined version of the framework are presented in this paper. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed and refined a framework aimed at guiding practice and research in occupational therapy in homelessness that will be evaluated in future research. SIGNIFICANCE: Though a range of frameworks exists for guiding the practice of occupational therapists more generally, this framework represents the first that is focussed specifically on guiding occupational therapy practice and research with individuals who experience homelessness. Research and practice implications are discussed.

The power of observation. Occupational therapists' descriptions of doing observations of people with cognitive impairments in the context of community practice.

BACKGROUND: Observation is an important method for occupational therapists (OTs) to gather information on people's occupational performance; yet, not much research has been conducted on OTs' descriptions of doing observations in their practices. AIMS: This study aimed to explore community OTs descriptions of doing observations during the assessment of persons with cognitive impairments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nineteen OTs participated in focus group interviews. Thematic analysis with an inductive approach was performed. RESULTS: Three themes were revealed during analysis, the value of doing unstructured observations, the importance of doing observations in familiar contexts, and the importance of experience, structure and competence when doing observation. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: This study showed that the participants regarded observation as one of OTs' core competencies, and they described doing observations in different ways. The results emphasised the importance of doing unstructured observations in persons' familiar contexts when assessing persons with cognitive impairments. However, the participants highlighted the need for increasing OTs structure and competence through implementing more occupation-based standardised assessment tools for OTs in community services to facilitate evidence-based practice.

Occupational therapists' understanding of supporting physical activity participation when working with children and adolescents: A national survey.

INTRODUCTION: Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor to disease and mortality. Despite the recognised benefits of physical activity, over half of the Australian population are not sufficiently active. For individuals with a disability, inactivity rates are further increased placing them at a higher risk of the negative effects of physical inactivity. Developing healthy lifestyle habits such as physical activity participation in early childhood has been found to be supportive of health behaviours being maintained into adulthood. Physical activity is an occupation said to involve the complex interaction between psychological, social, environmental, and physical factors placing it within the scope of occupation therapy. However, limited research is available exploring what this role looks like in practice. METHOD: An online, anonymous survey was developed to better understand how Australian occupational therapists understood physical activity participation, as well as their current and potential role in facilitating regular physical activity participation with their clients. All registered Australian occupational therapists were eligible to participate in this survey, which consisted of both closed and open answered questions. RESULTS: A total of 43 occupational therapists registered to practice within Australia completed the survey. All participants viewed physical activity as an important occupation for maintaining the health and well-being of their clients. Participants described the holistic role occupational therapists could play supporting physical activity participation outside of motor skill development. Therapists identified several ways in which a family-centred, occupation-based approach could be used to support sustained engagement in physical activity. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study contribute to our understanding of the role occupational therapy can play supporting physical activity participation for children and adolescents. This sparsely researched area requires more evaluation to ensure intervention is delivered in a way that is most effective.

Working environment, work engagement and mental health problems among occupational and physical therapists.

BACKGROUND: Working environment, work engagement and health among occupational and physical therapists in Norway have rarely been investigated. OBJECTIVES: (1) To compare the psychosocial working environment, work engagement and mental health problems of occupational therapists with those of physical therapists; (2) to compare the same measures among occupational therapists working in the specialist and municipal healthcare services, respectively; and (3) to identify job demands and resources that influence the work engagement and mental health problems of occupational therapists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Survey for Health Promoting Workplaces was used to collect data from 170 occupational therapists and 273 physical therapists (response rate =35%) working in specialist and municipal health care in Norway. Student's t-test, Pearson correlations and multiple regression analysis were used. RESULTS: Occupational therapists experienced higher job demands and poorer health than physical therapists. Occupational therapists in the municipal healthcare services were slightly more satisfied with their job resources than colleagues in specialist healthcare services. Meaningful work and the opportunity to use one's strengths and potential contributed the most to high work engagement. Low work engagement was the most important contributor to poor mental health. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: The mental health of occupational therapists seems to be closely related to the opportunity to perform high-quality therapy. It is important that work is organised so that occupational therapists have meaningful work tasks and opportunity to use their strengths and potential.

Clinical reasoning of occupational therapists in selecting activities together with older adults with dementia to postpone further development of cognitive decline.

BACKGROUND: Research suggests that participation in activities has the potential to prevent or delay the development of later-life cognitive decline and dementia. This area is unexplored within occupational therapy. AIM: To explore and describe the clinical reasoning of occupational therapists in selecting activities together with older adults with dementia to participate in, with the goal to postpone further development of cognitive decline in a sample from the German part of Switzerland. METHODS: A constructivist grounded theory approach was used. Six in-depth, semi-structured interviews with occupational therapists working in geriatric units in the German part of Switzerland were conducted. RESULTS: Three main categories were identified: (i) from the discovery of 'who the older adult is' to the discovery of 'meaningful activities', (ii) reflecting on occupational therapists' individuality, and (iii) matching the activity to older adults' skills. A core category was developed: Pursuing active participation through meaningful and chosen activities. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that to pursue enabling active participation in activities among older adults with dementia, and promoting the quality of participation, occupational therapists must consider the identified elements that are important in selecting the activities which might be used to postpone cognitive decline in each individual.

Occupational Therapy Interventions that Address the Psychosocial Needs of Clients with Upper Extremity Injuries: A Scoping Review.

A biomechanical or rehabilitative model is typically used in the treatment of upper extremity injuries, which places focus on the injured body part. Evidence has shown that psychosocial factors exist within this population and should be addressed. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify occupational therapists' strategies for treating psychosocial aspects of clients with upper extremity injuries. Nine articles met the criteria for analysis by identifying treatment strategies that could be used. Although limited, there is evidence to support the benefits of addressing psychosocial factors with this population. Occupational therapists can apply their holistic scope of practice to address all factors that may hinder participation in meaningful occupations.