RESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial resistance of Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS), and correlate the findings with the sales of erythromycin and tetracycline. General practitioners in the Faroe Islands were recruited to send oropharyngeal swabs. From an ongoing pneumococcal study, nasopharyngeal swabs were sampled from healthy children 0-7 years of age. Erythromycin susceptibility data from Iceland were obtained from the reference laboratory at the Landspitali University Hospital. Susceptibility testing in the Faroe Islands and Iceland was performed according to CLSI methods and criteria. The resistance rate to erythromycin and tetracycline found in patients in the Faroe Islands in 2009/2010 was 6% and 30% respectively. Tetracycline resistance in patients declined significantly from 2009 to 2010 (37-10%, p-value = 0.006 < 0.05) and differed significantly between age groups (p-value = 0.03 < 0.05). In Iceland, there was a peak in erythromycin resistance in 2008 (44%) and a substantial decrease in 2009 (5%). Although the prevalence of erythromycin and tetracycline resistance in the Faroe Islands and Iceland may be associated with antimicrobial use, sudden changes can occur with the introduction of new resistant clones.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/provisão & distribuição , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Eritromicina/provisão & distribuição , Streptococcus pyogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Tetraciclina/provisão & distribuição , Tonsilite/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Antibacterianos/economia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Doenças Assintomáticas , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dinamarca/epidemiologia , Eritromicina/economia , Eritromicina/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Islândia/epidemiologia , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Orofaringe/efeitos dos fármacos , Orofaringe/microbiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia , Streptococcus pyogenes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Streptococcus pyogenes/isolamento & purificação , Tetraciclina/economia , Tetraciclina/farmacologia , Tonsilite/epidemiologia , Tonsilite/microbiologiaRESUMO
The common preventive therapy in our department for newborns' eyes is tetracycline ophthalmic ointment. Due to temporary shortage of tetracycline ophthalmic ointment for one week in December 1991, the preventive therapy given to seventy-one newborns was gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic ointment. Five babies (7 percent of all newborns) experienced marked edema of the eyelids, foci of erythema, and serous exudate within the first days of life. The lesions regressed gradually and disappeared entirely within two to three weeks without any complications. These lesions represent the first description of orbital irritant contact dermatitis in newborns, most probably caused by topical gentamicin preparation. However, one cannot exclude sensitivity to paraben, which is the preservative used in gentamicin ointment, or a synergistic action of both agent and preservative.
