Body dysmorphic disorder: The drive for perfection.

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder that pushes people toward perfection, affecting 5 to 7.5 million people in the US. Individuals with BDD spend a great deal of time focusing on perceived flaws and ways in which to hide these flaws. The time spent on these negative thoughts can interfere with quality of life and the ability to carry out daily tasks. This article discusses BDD, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, complications, and the nurse's role.

[Body Image Disturbances in Burned People: Nurse's Approach]. / Alteración de la imagen corporal en la persona gran quemada: ABordaje Enfermero.

Background: The nursing diagnosis Body image disturbance is present in al the burned people. The approach of this diagnosis is a nursing responsibility, so nurses must carry out the assessment of the functional pattern Self-perception-Self-concept knowing in depth the concepts of "self-concept" and "self-esteem". Aims: To identify the most effective nursing interventions to address the Body image disturbance. Method: A literature review has been made consulting the following databases PubMed, CINAHL, Cuiden, COCHRANE and PsychInfo. The main selected articles have been: randomized clinical trials, descriptive studies and literature reviews. Results: The proposed nursing care plan is based on a focused assessment of the functional pattern Self-perception-Self-concept using the Satisfaction With Appearance Scale and applying the nursing inverventions: Cognitive restructuring and Body image enhancement. Conclusions: Both assessment and interventions have shown to be based on evidence and being an effective way to take care of the Body image disturbance in the burned person.

[Anorexia in males]. / L'anorexie au masculin.

Anorexia nervosa is often considered as a women disease, whereas 10% of the cases are men. There are much more researches in this field for a couple of decades. "Bigorexia", which combines food control and need for muscles, seems to be more frequent above men.

[Nursing care of body image disorders]. / Prise en charge infirmière des troubles de l'image corporelle.

Anorexia causes body image disorders. The re-appropriation and acceptance of the body and its changes require specific care. Mirrors, 'morphing' software, photography, videography and the trying on of clothes in a store are tools which can help the patient reconstruct themselves.

[The development of the body schema]. / Le développement du schéma corporel.

The body schema as an acquired structure enables individuals to gain a representation of the different parts of their body without relying on external stimulations. When its development is disrupted a certain number of disorders can arise which have significant repercussions on the patients' daily lives. These dysfunctions can be managed in the framework of psychomotor rehabilitation.

Development of a functional analytical nurse observation chart (FANOC).

BACKGROUND: There has been little evaluation or development of nurse observation charts on psychiatric in-patient units since they were first introduced. AIM: We aimed to develop a new nursing chart that adds a functional and contextual assessment of the observed behaviour. We describe its initial evaluation in an in-patient setting. METHOD: A member of the staff coded a participant's behaviour as either an instance of an individual's daily life problem; or an improvement; or a non-clinically relevant behaviour. We evaluated the charts in 14 in-patients and compared the coding of the behaviour against that of one of the investigators. RESULTS: After brief training the inter-rater agreement resulted in Kappa = 0.496 with p < .001. Removal of a rating of neutral behaviours resulted in a higher Kappa = 0.546 with p < .001. CONCLUSIONS: The inter-rater reliability was only moderate for the Functional Analytical Nurse Observation Charts. Frequent training and support from management and therapy staff is required to maintain a psychologically informed environment and observation in an in-patient setting. An area for further research is to explore the impact that a FANOC has on staff satisfaction and an individual's experience of care, and whether it can assist in determining mediators of change before an improvement in symptoms.

[Body image disturbance, nursing objectives and interventions]. / L'image corporelle perturbée, quels objectifs et interventions en soins infirmiers?

Faced with a changed body, several nursing care interventions are possible in order to restore self-esteem. Relational and personal care techniques or other forms of body mediation are all tools which can be used in order to reposition the patients at the centre of the care.