Fatty acid amide supplementation decreases impulsivity in young adult heavy drinkers.

Compromised dopamine signaling in the striatum has been associated with the expression of impulsive behaviors in addiction, obesity and alcoholism. In rodents, intragastric infusion of the fatty acid amide oleoylethanolamide increases striatal extracellular dopamine levels via vagal afferent signaling. Here we tested whether supplementation with PhosphoLean™, a dietary supplement that contains the precursor of the fatty acid amide oleoylethanolamide (N-oleyl-phosphatidylethanolamine), would reduce impulsive responding and alcohol use in heavy drinking young adults. Twenty-two individuals were assigned to a three-week supplementation regimen with PhosphoLean™ or placebo. Impulsivity was assessed with self-report questionnaires and behavioral tasks pre- and post-supplementation. Although self-report measures of impulsivity did not change, supplementation with PhosphoLean™, but not placebo, significantly reduced false alarm rate on a Go/No-Go task. In addition, an association was found between improved sensitivity on the Go/No-Go task and reduced alcohol intake. These findings provide preliminary evidence that promoting fatty acid derived gut-brain dopamine communication may have therapeutic potential for reducing impulsivity in heavy drinkers.

Adequação da alimentação oferecida para alcoolistas em tratamento e seu impacto nutricional / Food adequacy offered to alcoholics in treatment and its nutritional impact

Objetivo: Avaliar a oferta de energia, macro e micronutrientes para alcoolistas em tratamento e seu impacto no estado nutricional. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal, com 21 pacientes alcoolistas em tratamento no Centro psicosocial de Usuários de Álcool e Drogas (CAPSad). Foi realizado avaliação antropométrica dois momentos T=0 (momento inicial do tratamento) e T=3 (após 3 meses de tratamento). Foram coletadas neste período todas as refeições ofertadas aos usuários, uma vez por semana, em dias distintos que contemplou os cinco dias da semana. Todos os alimentos foram pesados separadamente e analisados pelo software Virtual Nutri Plus 2.0®. A adequação da ingestão de nutrientes foi calculada com base nas DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes). Resultados: De acordo com a avaliação do peso corporal realizada em dois momentos diferentes, as mulheres apresentaram ganho de peso e os homens, perda de peso corporal (Mulheres: 1, 98 ± 1, 86 kg/ Homens: -0, 13 ± 2, 09; (p = 0, 04). Os valores de fibra total, vitamina C, vitamina D, folato, ácido pantotê- nico, vitamina E, iodo, cálcio, magnésio e potássio não atingiram os valores recomendados pela DRI para homens e mulheres. Conclusão: A alimentação oferecida aos usuários em tratamento do CAPSad não atende a demanda calórica de acordo com o sexo além de ser excessiva na oferta de sódio e deficiente em algumas vitaminas e minerais. As mulheres frequentadoras do CAPSad apresentaram ganho de peso e IMC com classificação de sobrepeso (AU)

Objective: To assess the supply of energy, macro and micronutrients for alcoholics in treatment and its impact on nutritional status. Methods: This was a longitudinal study, with 21 patients being treated alcoholics in Psychosocial Centre for Alcohol and Drug Users (CAPSad). Anthropometric assessment was performed two times T = 0 (time of initial treatment) and T = 3 (after 3 months of treatment). Were collected during this period all meals offered to users once a week, on different days which included the five days of the week. All foods were weighed separately and analyzed by software Virtual Nutri Plus ® 2.0. The adequacy of nutrient intake was calculated based on the DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes). Results: According to the assessment of body weight taken at two different times, women had weight gain and men, weight loss, (women: 1.98 ± 1.86 kg / Men: -0.13 ± 2.09, (p = 0.04). Values of total fiber, vitamin C, vitamin D, folate, pantothenic acid, vitamin E, iodine, calcium, magnesium and potassium did not reach the values recommended by the DRI for men and women. Conclusion: The feeding provided to users in treating CAPSad not meet the caloric demand according to the sex, being in excess supply of sodium and deficient in certain vitamins and minerals. Women attending the CAPSad showed weight gain and increased BMI, with classification of overweight (AU)