A four-year community hospital experience regarding procedures for the replantation and revascularization of fingers.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the clinical results and experiences in a community hospital regarding procedures for the replantation and revascularization of fingers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between June 2015 and December 2019, a total of 58 patients (51 males, 7 females; mean age: 33.4±6.3 years; range, 23 to 46 years) who were followed after total and/or subtotal amputation and replantation were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were evaluated at nine months in terms of cold intolerance, static two-point discrimination, and functional results using the range of motion (ROM) and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire. RESULTS: The majority of the patients presented with work-related injuries (70%), most commonly by the mechanism of guillotine (64%), and to the dominant hand (76%) and the third finger (36%) most frequently. The overall success rate of digit salvage was 72.9% (n=51). Of 19 digits with unsuccessful surgical outcomes, seven were from total and 12 were from subtotal amputations. In the long-term, cold intolerance was observed in 14 patients (24.1%) according to the cold intolerance severity scale. The mean static two-point discrimination value was 6.0±0.7 mm and the mean QuickDASH score was 22.3±5.0. The mean ROM measured at nine months after surgery in the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the third and fourth digits was significantly lower than that in the others (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The predictors of survival of a replanted digit indicated in this study can be used as a guide and decision-making aid for any attempts for replantation.

Price of a Finger.

Background: Traumatic loss of an index finger is offered twice the amount of compensation as compared to a loss of little finger. However, the little finger plays a pivotal role in power grip thus is underestimated in its importance. Our aim was to test our hypothesis that loss of the little finger will result in greater or equal loss of grip strength compared to loss of the index finger. Methods: Grip strength in the power grip position was measured in 12 healthy volunteers using a JAMAR hand dynamometer. Grip strength of their dominant hand was recorded as a mean kg force of three attempts in three grip configurations 1) using all fingers 2) excluding the index finger and 3) excluding the little finger. Grip strength percentage compared to the full hand was calculated and statistical significance was investigated with a two-tailed T-test. Results: Participants' age varied from 19-64 years, with 4 males and 8 females. Mean full hand grip strength was 28.3 kg force; grip strength with index finger excluded was 65.8% and with little finger excluded was 66.2%. There was no significant difference in grip strength percentage when comparing index or little finger exclusion (p = 0.92). Conclusions: We did not find a difference in power grip using a simulated model of index or little finger loss in a healthy volunteer cohort. This should be taken into account in traumatic loss and work compensation.

Kirscner wire fixation versus suture anchor technique for mallet finger: A meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Though the previous studies had described various surgical techniques for the treatment of mallet finger injuries, consensus on which technique was the most effective and appropriate surgical methods had not yet reached. This review aimed to systematically compare the effectiveness and safety of the treatment for mallet finger injuries via Kirschner wire fixation versus suture anchor technique to recommend an optimum option. METHODS: All literatures published until December 31, 2019 compared Kirschner wire fixation versus suture anchor technique to treat mallet finger were acquired through a comprehensive search in multiple databases. A meta-analysis was performed by the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of 8 trials with 362 cases consisted of 4 randomized controlled trials and 4 prospective studies. The results suggested that the groups treated with kirschner wire fixation experienced more significant advantage in less complications than suture anchor groups (P  < .05). On the other hand, no significant differences were found in terms of the total active range motion of the distal interphalangeal joint, the average distal interphalangeal joint extensor lag, Visual Analogue Scale scores, recurrence, as well as functional assessment at the final follow-up (P > .05, respectively) between the two surgical procedures. CONCLUSIONS: No obvious superiority were shown for the effectiveness between the two surgical interventions based on the above results. But in view of the less economic spending and complications, Kirschner wire fixation should be a better alternative relative to the suture anchor technique for inevitable surgical treatment of mallet finger lesions. However, a prudent attitude is still necessary to choose the two operative managements before a large sample and high-quality randomized controlled trials had been performed.

A single K-wire to prevent poor outcomes in closed soft-tissue mallet finger management due to patient non-compliance.

INTRODUCTION: Soft-tissue mallet finger occurs due to loss of terminal extensor tendon secondary to rupture of distal phalanx. Although using noninvasive splints for 6-8 weeks is the gold standard for conservative treatment of closed soft-tissue mallet injuries, patient compliance is an important factor impacting on patient outcomes. In this study, we used a single Kirschner Wire (K-W) to fix the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint in extension in those patients failed to comply with routine splinting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 190 patients with Doyle type 1 closed soft-tissue mallet finger deformity were included in four groups between 2011 and 2015. These groups were determined according to treatment modalities. Patients in the first group were treated with a finger splint (n = 109). Patients in the second group first received a finger splint and then K-W was applied due to lack of adequate compliance (n = 23). Patients in the third group were treated with K-W only (n = 47), and the fourth group did not accept surgical treatment nor conservative treatment (n = 11). After 20 weeks of follow up, we evaluated the results with functional measurements according to Crawford criteria and patient satisfaction. Additionally, the mid-term outcome was assessed with a follow-up at 2 years. RESULTS: At 20th week postoperatively, average DIP extension lag was 6 degrees (0-30) for the first group, 6.1 degrees (0-30) for the second group, 3.8 degrees (0-25) for the third group, and 17.3 degrees (7-30) for the fourth group. Total patient satisfaction was 85%, which was considered excellent or good. Swan neck deformity was observed in 11% of patients. Osteomyelitis and KW related complications were not observed. There were no statistically significant differences between short-term and mid-term results. CONCLUSION: Internal fixation via K-W may be a suitable treatment option compared to splint therapy for management of closed soft-tissue mallet finger in noncompliant patients. Using this treatment approach, the success rate for patients could satisfactorily be improved.

Effect of Health Care and Rehabilitation Nursing and Analysis of Neurovascular Preservation of Patients Undergoing Reconstruction of Severed Finger under X-ray Image Examination.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to provide a guideline for continuous rehabilitation nursing for patients with severe finger replantation, and establish a satellite contact point for patients with severe finger replantation after discharge, so as to ensure scientific and effective rehabilitation training after discharge and explore the role of continuous rehabilitation nursing measurement in severe finger rehabilitation and neurovascular preservation. METHODS: A total of 380 patients accepting neurovascular preservation finger replantation in the hand surgery department were divided into an observation group and a control group according to the number of hospitalizations. All patients underwent reconstructive surgery of severed finger. X-ray filming was used to monitor the postoperative nursing effect of neurovascular preservation of severed finger. The discharged patient information questionnaire was filled 3 days before the discharge. Then, a patient information database was established, and rehabilitation training was performed. Finally, sexual rehabilitation nursing follow-up intervention, telephone follow-up, and cross-referring intervention were carried out. Postoperative x-ray images were taken regularly to observe the recovery of reconstructed finger. RESULTS: There was no difference in daily life ability scores and hand function scores between the 2 groups at discharge (P > 0.05). The daily life ability scores and hand function scores of the observation group were better than those of the control group at 1 and 6 months after discharge (P < 0.05), the difference is statistically significant. As the discharge time prolonged, the daily life ability score and hand function score of the 2 groups of patients gradually increased. X-ray images showed that the replanted finger body was well developed, phalanx was in good antithesis, and there was no epiphysis. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous rehabilitation nursing measures should be taken after the replantation of the severed finger after neurovascular preservation, which provides standardized rehabilitation training standards for patients with replantation of severed finger after discharge, improves patient training compliance, promotes hand function recovery as soon as possible, and enables patients to return to society as soon as possible, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

The Importance of Restoring Anatomy of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint in Dorsal Fracture Dislocations.

The proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) is a complex anatomical structure. In managing fracture dislocations about the PIPJ, the aim is to restore a congruent joint that allows for smooth gliding motion. Detailed knowledge of the anatomy and biomechanics of the PIPJ is necessary in managing these injuries with predictable success. The breadth of techniques previously described in the treatment of such injuries is testament to the difficulties faced in achieving optimal clinical and radiological outcomes. In this article we detail the anatomy and biomechanics of the PIPJ and summarize current literature and principles for the treatment of dorsal fracture dislocations.

Is the cross-finger flap a good option at the extensor zone defect?

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the surgical and clinical outcomes of reversed cross-finger subcutaneous flaps applied to patients with dorsal digital defects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2015 and September 2018, 25 (22 males, 3 females; mean age 35.6±11.6 years; range, 19 to 65 years) out of 27 patients under prospective follow-up with finger dorsal digital defect were retrospectively screened and included in the study. The data, obtained by the same two surgeons at six months postoperatively in patients who had undergone reversed cross-finger subcutaneous flaps surgery, concerned cold intolerance, a static two-point separation test, and functional results using range of motion (ROM) and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scoring. RESULTS: The majority of the patients presented with occupational injury (64%), most commonly to the dominant hand (76%) and the fourth finger (36%) most frequently. Seven patients with extensor tendon defects underwent reconstruction with a palmaris longus autograft. At the six-week postoperative follow-up, all flaps were live, the donor site had no morbidity, and no additional intervention was performed. There was no statistically significant difference in finger joint ROM (p>0.05). Cold intolerance was observed in 14 patients (56%). The mean dynamic two-point distinction was 6.0±0.7 mm and the QuickDASH score was 22.3±5.0. CONCLUSION: Due to reasons such as minimal donor site morbidity, satisfactory functional finger outcomes, and easy applicability, reversed cross-finger subcutaneous flap is a good option for reconstruction of defects in the dorsal aspect of the finger with or without extensor mechanism defects.

Clinodactilia postraumática del meñique en el pelotari manista / Post-traumatic clinodactyly of the little finger in Basque hand-pelota players

OBJETIVO: Cuantificar la desviación angular de la articulación interfalángica distal (IFD) del 5.° dedo y la presencia de cambios degenerativos en IFD en jugadores de pelota y compararlos con una población española. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de casos y controles de una población de 40 pelotaris manomanistas federados y de un grupo control formado por 20 varones no practicantes de pelota. Se calcularon el ángulo IFD y la presencia de cambios degenerativos en la articulación. RESULTADOS: El ángulo IFD medio del 5.° dedo en el grupo control fue de 2,6° en la mano dominante y de 2,9° en mano no dominante. Grupo de pelotaris: ángulo IFD de 6,8° en mano dominante y 10,9° en la no dominante. El ángulo IFD fue significativamente mayor en la mano no dominante (p = 0,002) en el grupo de pelotaris. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambas manos en el grupo control (p = 0,572). Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas tanto para la mano dominante (p = 0,001) como para la no dominante (p = 0,001) al comparar grupo control con pelotaris. Los pelotaris tienen un ángulo IFD superior a los controles en ambas manos. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en grupo pelotari según la posición en la cancha (p = 0,742 delantero, p = 0,747 zaguero) ni por categorías (p = 0,345 aficionado, p = 0,346 profesional). DISCUSIÓN: La práctica de pelota a mano se asocia a la presencia de una clinodactilia postraumática de la falange distal del 5.° dedo. La mano no dominante presenta unos ángulos mayores en IFD. La presencia de clinodactilia no genera limitación funcional

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to measure the DIP joint angle of the little finger and presence of degenerative changes in the DIP joint in Basque hand-pelota players and compare it with the general Spanish population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study. We studied both hands of 40 male Basque pelota players (pelotaris) and 20 male controls. The assessment protocol consisted of a questionnaire, physical examination and bilateral plain radiographs. Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint angle was measured on plain radiographs in both hands. RESULTS: The average DIP joint angle of the little finger in the control group was 2.6° in the dominant hand and 2.9° in the other hand. In the pelota players group we obtained a DIP angle of 6.8° in the dominant hand and 10.9° in the non-dominant hand. The DIP angle was significantly higher in the non-dominant hand (P=.002) in the pelota player group. Non-significant differences were obtained between both hands in the control group (p=.572). Significant differences were obtained in both player and control groups in the dominant hand (P=.001) and in the non-dominant hand (P=.001). Pelota players have a higher DIP angle in the little fingers than the control group. No differences were found in the pelota player group according to their position on the court (P=.742 forward, P=.747 defender) or sport level (P=.345 amateur, P=.346 professional). DISCUSSION: Basque hand-pelota produces post-traumatic acquired clinodactyly of the little finger. The non-dominant hand has a higher DIP joint angle. Clinodactyly poses no functional problems

Management of Finger Joint Dislocation and Fracture-Dislocations in Athletes.

Although finger joint dislocations are generally thought of as benign by many athletes and assumed to be a sprain, these injuries represent a spectrum that includes disabling fracture-dislocations. Failure to recognize certain dislocations or fracture-dislocations may result in permanent deformity and loss of motion. Simple dislocations are frequently amenable to early return to play with protection; however, more complex injuries may require specialized splinting or surgery. Delay in diagnosis of unstable proximal interphalangeal fracture-dislocations may require reconstruction or fusion. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to ensure optimal functional results.

Finger pulp reconstruction with thenar flap: Aesthetic and functional outcome.

PURPOSE: Fingertip injuries are common in industrial production activities as well as in domestic work. Loss of pulp hampers daily life activities. Functional and aesthetic aspects are important in fingertip reconstruction. The bone is usually exposed along with soft tissue loss. Therefore to reconstruct the pulp flap with adequate bulk is required. METHODS: We reported a case series of 12 patients with the injury over the volar aspect of distal phalanx of the index or middle finger. In all cases, laterally based thenar flap was chosen. The flap donor site was closed primarily in most of cases, while 4 patients required skin graft. The flap was detached between 2-3 weeks. Functional assessment was done using static and dynamic 2-point discrimination and range of motion at each joint. The aesthetic outcome was assessed through questionnaire. The results were analyzed using the unpaired t-test (SPSS version 21). RESULTS: Partial necrosis occurred in 2 cases while rest of flaps survived successfully. Static 2-point discrimination ranged from 6-10 mm, mean 8.6 mm; and dynamic 2-point discrimination ranged from 8-10 mm, mean 8.9 mm. The mean satisfaction score was (4.0 ± 0.55). CONCLUSION: Thenar flap is a good choice for reconstruction of the finger pulp as it provides the bulk with good functional and aesthetic outcome.

Assessment of Tree-Based Statistical Learning to Estimate Optimal Personalized Treatment Decision Rules for Traumatic Finger Amputations.

Importance: Optimal treatment for traumatic finger amputation is unknown to date. Objective: To use statistical learning methods to estimate evidence-based treatment assignment rules to enhance long-term functional and patient-reported outcomes in patients after traumatic amputation of fingers distal to the metacarpophalangeal joint. Design, Setting, and Participants: This decision analytical model used data from a retrospective cohort study of 338 consenting adult patients who underwent revision amputation or replantation at 19 centers in the United States and Asia from August 1, 2016, to April 12, 2018. Of those, data on 185 patients were included in the primary analysis. Exposures: Treatment with revision amputation or replantation. Main Outcomes and Measures: Outcome measures were hand strength, dexterity, hand-related quality of life, and pain. A tree-based statistical learning method was used to derive clinical decision rules for treatment of traumatic finger amputation. Results: Among 185 study participants (mean [SD] age, 45 [16] years; 156 [84%] male), the median number of fingers amputated per patient was 1 (range, 1-5); 115 amputations (62%) were distal to the proximal interphalangeal joint, and 110 (60%) affected the nondominant hand. On the basis of the tree-based statistical learning estimates, to maximize hand dexterity or to minimize patient-reported pain, replantation was found to be the best strategy. To maximize hand strength, revision amputation was the best strategy for patients with a single-finger amputation but replantation was preferred for all other injury patterns. To maximize patient-reported quality of life, revision amputation was the best approach for patients with dominant hand injuries, and replantation was the best strategy for patients with nondominant hand injuries. Conclusions and Relevance: The findings suggest that the approach to treating traumatic finger amputations varies based on the patient's injury characteristics and functional needs.

Retrograde versus anterograde palm venous anastomosis in avulsion distal fingertip trauma: Functional and therapeutic outcomes (FTO) analysis.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The advance in the microvascular surgeries has made successful replantation of amputee fingertip or toe. Anterograde palm venous anastomosis is generally preferred in avulsion distal fingertip trauma surgeries but is technically challenging. The retrograde venous anastomosis is proved to be easy and effective in larger defects hand reconstruction surgeries. The purposes of the analysis were to compare functional and therapeutic outcomes of retrograde palm venous anastomosis against anterograde palm venous anastomosis in the avulsion distal fingertip and thumb microvascular surgery. METHODS: Digits were replanted by retrograde palm venous anastomosis (n = 130, RPVA cohort) or anterograde palm venous anastomosis (n = 220, APVA cohort). The data regarding the survival of transplanted tissues, analgesia, 2-points discrimination, and total active movement after 2-years of surgeries were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: A higher percentage of digits with survived transplanted tissues found in the RPVA cohort than the APVA cohort (p = 0.004). 2-points discrimination found higher in the APVA cohort than the RPVA cohort (5.22 ± 1.56 mm vs. 4.81 ± 1.39 mm, p = 0.014). The pain was fewer in the RPVA cohort than the APVA cohort (p = 0.041). A total active motion was higher in the RPVA cohort than the APVA cohort (p = 0.025). Anterograde palm venous anastomosis (p = 0.021) were associated with the failure of transplanted digits tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Retrograde palm venous anastomosis had better functional and therapeutic outcomes than anterograde palm venous anastomosis in avulsion distal fingertip trauma. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

Use of a relative motion flexion orthosis for postoperative management of zone I/II flexor digitorum profundus repair: A retrospective consecutive case series.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective, single-center, consecutive case series. INTRODUCTION: In concept, a relative motion flexion (RMF) orthosis will induce a "quadriga effect" on a given flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon, limiting its excursion and force of flexion while still permitting a wide range of finger motion. This effect can be exploited in the rehabilitation of zone I and II FDP repairs. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To describe the use of RMF orthoses to manage zone I and II FDP 4-strand repairs. METHODS: Medical record review of 10 consecutive zone I and II FDP tendon repairs managed with RMF orthosis for 8 to 10 weeks in combination with a static dorsal blocking or wrist orthosis for the initial 3 weeks. RESULTS: Indications included sharp lacerations (n = 6), ragged lacerations (n = 2), staged flexor tendon reconstruction (n = 1), and type IV avulsion (n = 1). In 8 of the 10 cases that completed follow-up, the mean arc of proximal interphalangeal/distal interphalangeal active motion were as follows: sharp, 0° to 106°/0° to 75°; ragged, 0° to 90°/0° to 25°; reconstruction, 0° to 90°/10° to 45°; and avulsion, 0° to 95°/0° to 20°. Grip performance available for 6 of 10 cases was 62% to 108% of the dominant hand. There were no tendon ruptures, secondary surgeries, or proximal interphalangeal joint contractures. CONCLUSION: Based on this small series, the RMF approach appears to be safe and effective. It can lead to similar mobility and functional recovery as other early active motion protocols, with certain practical advantages and without major complications. Further investigation with larger, multicenter, prospective, longitudinal cohorts and/or randomized clinical trials is necessary.

The Effect of Kinesio Taping Versus Splint Techniques on Pain and Functional Scores in Children with Hand PIP Joint Sprain.

Introduction: Due to the continual increase in the number of children engaging in sports today, physicians encounter finger injuries at an increasing frequency. This study sought to investigate the effectiveness of the method of Kinesio taping versus classic finger splint technique on pediatric patients with PIP (proximal interphalangeal) joint sprains of the fingers. Method: This is a retrospective cohort study. Forty-nine pediatric patients with PIP joint sprains were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups, Group 1 being those treated with Kinesio taping and Group 2, those treated with splints. The area around the PIP joint was measured before and after treatment. Visual analog scale (VAS) evaluation: nighttime pain, numbness, pain at rest, and pain during activity were each separately evaluated before and after treatment. Also, flexion was measured at rest and in active motion before and after treatment. Results: The patients' periarticular measurements of the affected joint were statistically significant in both groups after treatment (p < 0.001). In the comparison between the groups, it was found that the group treated with Kinesio taping displayed a better outcome (p < 0.021). According to the VAS for PIP joint pain, it was observed that in both groups, pain at rest, pain during activity, nighttime pain, and numbness were statistically significant after treatment (p < 0.001). In the comparison of the groups, it was seen that the difference was statistically significant only in terms of nighttime pain (p < 0.013). Conclusions: The study conducted supported the literature that Kinesio taping method does not restrict the function of the extremity to which it is applied and also does not produce the complications reported in other treatment techniques. Kinesio taping was found to have a higher patient compliance and the outcomes were better in terms of edema and joint range of motion as well as night time pain when compared to the group treated with splint.

Extended thenar flap for two adjacent fingertip amputations.

The thenar flap is a well-described technique, but reports about its use in patients with multiple fingertip injuries are limited. This study aims to introduce a surgical technique of using an extended thenar flap for two adjacent fingertip amputations and to evaluate the clinical outcomes and related complications. From October 2013 to October 2016, 12 patients (24 fingers) underwent soft tissue reconstruction of two adjacent fingers with an extended thenar flap. At the last follow-up, the patients were assessed for cold intolerance in the reconstructed fingers; two-point discrimination (2PD); range of motion (ROM); functional outcomes using the quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score; functional and appearance outcomes using the Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire (MHQ); and time taken to return to work. The mean follow-up time was 13.5 (range: 12-16) months. All flaps survived. The mean total active ROM in flexion measured at the last follow-up was 255° (range: 245°-260°). Objective sensibility in the flaps was ascertained as an average static 2PD of 6.9 (range: 3-10) mm. The mean quick DASH score was 3.3 (range: 0-9.1). The mean MHQ score was 93.8 (range: 88-100). All patients returned to work within 6.2 weeks on average. There were no complications. The extended thenar flap technique is a good alternative for simultaneous coverage of small-to-large defects in two adjacent fingertips.

Flexor Subzone II A-D Range of Motion Progression during Healing on a No-Splint, No-Tenodesis Protection, Immediate Full Composite Extension Regimen.

Background: The objective was to study the hypotheses that an advanced zone II flexor tendon rehabilitation protocol would avoid rupture, achieve a high range of excursion, and minimize interphalangeal contracture during both the early phases and at the conclusion of healing. We also proposed the null hypothesis of no difference between any two of the zone II subdivisions. Methods: Fifty-one consecutive adult patients with zone II flexor tendon repairs of a single finger were retrospectively evaluated on an active contraction rehabilitation protocol with no splint, no tenodesis protection, and immediate full composite extension. There were 38 males and 13 females with a mean age of 39 years (range 18-69) involving 15 index, 7 long, 6 ring, and 23 small fingers. Repairs were located in flexor subzone IIA for 8 fingers; subzone IIB, 14; subzone IIC, 19; and subzone IID, 10. Differences in outcome between any two subzones were compared by T-test with p < 0.05. Results: Mean active arcs of motion in degrees at 3 weeks post repair were PIP 1-93; DIP 0-44; and total active motion (TAM) 221. At 6 weeks PIP 2-98; DIP 1-51; and TAM 236. At 10-12 weeks PIP 1-101; DIP 1-56; and TAM 246. Final TAM by flexor subzone IIA was 243; IIB, 251; IIC, 246; and IID, 246. There were no significant differences between any two subzones. Mean final DASH score was 5. There were no ruptures. Conclusions: The results support the hypotheses. Outcomes of the therapy protocol demonstrated the lack of interphalangeal joint flexion contractures, high range of total active motion achieved early and sustained, and no ruptures. No differences were identified between and two of the flexor subzones.

Replantation of Nine Fingers in a Patient: A case report.

Amputation of multiple fingers of both hands is a rare and serious injury. We report a case of a 41-year-old male patient who presented to Khoula Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in 2015 with the amputation of nine fingers due to a workplace injury. With two teams working in tandem, all the amputated fingers were re-attached. A total of seven fingers survived and the patient regained reasonable functionality of his hands. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of several finger amputations in Oman.

Mallet Finger Lattice Casts Using 3D Printing.

Currently, research based on the technology and applications of 3D printing is being actively pursued. 3D printing technology, also called additive manufacturing, is widely and increasingly used in the medical field. This study produced custom casts for the treatment of mallet finger using plaster of Paris, which was traditionally used in clinical practice, and 3D printing technology, and evaluated their advantages and disadvantages for patients by conducting a wearability assessment. Mallet finger casts produced using plaster of Paris, when incorrectly made, can result in skin necrosis and other problems for patients. These problems can be mitigated, however, by creating casts using 3D printing technology. Additionally, plaster casts or ready-made alternatives can be inconvenient with respect to rapid treatment of patients. In contrast, 3D-printed casts appear to provide patients with appropriate treatment and increase their satisfaction because they are small in size, custom-made for each patient, and can be quickly made and immediately applied in clinical practice.