Assuntos
Imunocompetência , Corpo Clínico Hospitalar , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Tuberculose dos Genitais Femininos/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Bucal/diagnóstico , Adulto , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Gana , Humanos , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional , Internato e Residência , Resultado do Tratamento , Tuberculose dos Genitais Femininos/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose dos Genitais Femininos/patologia , Tuberculose dos Genitais Femininos/transmissão , Tuberculose Bucal/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Bucal/patologia , Tuberculose Bucal/transmissãoRESUMO
Tuberculosis is a re-emerging infectious disease, and infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been increasing in immunocompromised hosts, including elderly persons. M. tuberculosis-infected persons may receive dental treatment. To evaluate the risk of M. tuberculosis infection in dental clinics, we examined the detection rates of M. tuberculosis in sample of mixed saliva, dental plaque, extracted teeth, caries lesions, and denture plaque by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The detection rates by PCR in samples from mixed saliva, dental plaque, caries lesions and denture plaque obtained from tuberculosis patients were 98.0%, 92.0%, 89.0%, and 100%, respectively. The detection rates by the culture method were 17.3%, 2.0%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. M. tuberculosis also was detected from the nontuberculous mycobacteria-infected group. Strains of Actinomyces naeslundii, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum inhibited the growth of clinical strains of M. tuberculosis, but strains of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans did not. The present study concludes that the PCR method is essential for detecting M. tuberculosis in oral samples.
Assuntos
Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional/prevenção & controle , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Tuberculose Bucal/microbiologia , Tuberculose Bucal/transmissão , Aerossóis , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias Anaeróbias/fisiologia , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Recursos Humanos em Odontologia , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Risco , Saliva/microbiologiaRESUMO
The current upward trend in the incidence of tuberculosis, particularly in the USA, and the problems of treating multiply drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have caused a resurgence of interest in this infection. This review describes the microbiology, routes of transmission and epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. The emergence and problems of treating multiply drug resistant strains are outlined. The significant potential for occupationally acquired infection among health care workers is discussed, together with a summary of the available infection control measures currently being examined. The true level of occupational risk to dental personnel remains uncertain.
Assuntos
Odontologia , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Tuberculose , Consultórios Odontológicos , Humanos , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle , Tuberculose/transmissão , Tuberculose dos Linfonodos/prevenção & controle , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Bucal/prevenção & controle , Tuberculose Bucal/transmissão , Precauções UniversaisRESUMO
Dental health care providers must play an active role in preventing the transmission of tuberculosis. The information presented here should allow them to appropriately identify and refer patients who may be infectious, identify oral lesions which may be due to tuberculosis, and develop and implement an infection control plan to prevent transmission in the dental setting.
Assuntos
Odontologia , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional , Doenças Profissionais , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle , Tuberculose/transmissão , Assistência Odontológica para Doentes Crônicos , Humanos , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Bucal/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Bucal/transmissãoRESUMO
Tuberculosis has re-emerged as a serious public health concern. Multidrug-resistant strains and an increase in the number of high-risk groups are posing a difficult problem for health care providers. The risk of TB transmission in hospital dental practices is potentially increasing. A 20-question survey was mailed to the membership of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, addressing various issues relating to tuberculosis. One hundred thirty-two surveys were analyzed. Twelve per cent of respondents reported at least one TB skin test conversion by a dental provider within the past year at their institution. Five respondents reported one dental provider contracting TB through patient contact. Oral TB was reported in 21 cases. Over 34% reported that active TB patients are not isolated to negative-pressure isolation rooms, 45% reported that patients are allowed to frequent public areas, and only 59% believed that drug compliance monitoring was adequate. Over 86% support TB screening in the Hospital Dental Practice. It was concluded that Hospital Dental Practice personnel may be at increased risk for exposure to TB. Dental providers must exercise strict TB prevention and employ meticulous referral and follow-up procedures for high-risk patients.
