RESUMO
The updated Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) beryllium standard for general industry, construction, and shipyards reduced exposure limits for this known human carcinogen and became effective in 2018. Occupational and environmental health nurses need to monitor updates recently proposed for general industry to clarify implementation of the standard.
Assuntos
Berílio/efeitos adversos , United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration/tendências , Humanos , Indústrias/organização & administração , Indústrias/tendências , Padrões de Referência , Estados Unidos , United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
The OSH Act requires OSHA to include provisions for medical examinations of employees in its standards. However, the specific test and examinations criteria are not outlined in the OSH Act. Instead, each standard has specific medical surveillance requirements. These are specific to the adverse health effects triggered by exposure to the hazardous substance. The OSHA uses the term medical surveillance to refer to its employee examination and testing provisions. Most occupational health professionals call this activity employee screening and reserve the term surveillance for aggregate analysis of population data. It is important to remember this distinction when referring to OSHA standards. Many standards are challenged in court resulting in changes to medical surveillance provisions of the standards. Some court decisions support OSHA's language. In either case, the court often sets precedents for future standards.
Assuntos
Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/normas , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/normas , Saúde Ocupacional , Vigilância da População/métodos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration , Documentação , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento/legislação & jurisprudência , Programas de Rastreamento/tendências , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/legislação & jurisprudência , Serviços de Saúde do Trabalhador/tendências , Estados Unidos , United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration/legislação & jurisprudência , United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration/tendênciasAssuntos
Braquetes , Remoção , Dor Lombar/prevenção & controle , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Gestão da Segurança/métodos , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Braquetes/normas , Ergonomia/normas , Humanos , Dor Lombar/etiologia , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Roupa de Proteção/normas , Gestão da Segurança/legislação & jurisprudência , Contenções , Estados Unidos , United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration/tendênciasAssuntos
Ergonomia/economia , Saúde Ocupacional , Gestão da Segurança , United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration/tendências , Acidentes de Trabalho/prevenção & controle , Ergonomia/métodos , Ergonomia/normas , Órgãos Governamentais , Instalações de Saúde , Humanos , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Beginning with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) activities to enforce the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention guidelines on Universal Precautions in 1987, this agency has had a direct and sustained impact on infection control programs. This article details how OSHA works, the OSHA inspection process, the bloodborne pathogens standard, current promulgation activities, other OSHA standards, OSHA reform, and the future of this agency.
Assuntos
Instalações de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Controle de Infecções , Controle de Infecções/legislação & jurisprudência , United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration/organização & administração , Fiscalização e Controle de Instalações/legislação & jurisprudência , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Controle de Infecções/organização & administração , Controle de Infecções/normas , Controle de Infecções/tendências , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Estados Unidos , United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration/legislação & jurisprudência , United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration/normas , United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration/tendências , Precauções Universais/legislação & jurisprudênciaRESUMO
1. Many believe the effectiveness of OSHA has been stymied by political, social, and economic conditions. 2. OSHA has attempted to remedy rule making problems with consensus building techniques, generic standards, voluntary guidelines, information strategies, and performance based standards. 3. OSHA has upgraded its enforcement programs by increased fines, targeted inspections, and improved records. 4. The success of the agency in the 90s will be predicted on how well these new initiatives rectify past problems.
