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1.
Vaccine ; 35(26): 3416-3422, 2017 06 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28504191

RESUMO

A major difference between two currently licensed anthrax vaccines is presence (United Kingdom Anthrax Vaccine Precipitated, AVP) or absence (United States Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed, AVA) of quantifiable amounts of the Lethal Toxin (LT) component Lethal Factor (LF). The primary immunogen in both vaccine formulations is Protective Antigen (PA), and LT-neutralizing antibodies directed to PA are an accepted correlate of vaccine efficacy; however, vaccination studies in animal models have demonstrated that LF antibodies can be protective. In this report we compared humoral immune responses in cohorts of AVP (n=39) and AVA recipients (n=78) matched 1:2 for number of vaccinations and time post-vaccination, and evaluated whether the LF response contributes to LT neutralization in human recipients of AVP. PA response rates (≥95%) and PA IgG concentrations were similar in both groups; however, AVP recipients exhibited higher LT neutralization ED50 values (AVP: 1464.0±214.7, AVA: 544.9±83.2, p<0.0001) and had higher rates of LF IgG positivity (95%) compared to matched AVA vaccinees (1%). Multiple regression analysis revealed that LF IgG makes an independent and additive contribution to the LT neutralization response in the AVP group. Affinity purified LF antibodies from two independent AVP recipients neutralized LT and bound to LF Domain 1, confirming contribution of LF antibodies to LT neutralization. This study documents the benefit of including an LF component to PA-based anthrax vaccines.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra Antraz/uso terapêutico , Antraz/prevenção & controle , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Toxinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Adulto , Vacinas contra Antraz/classificação , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade Humoral , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes de Neutralização , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto Jovem
2.
Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol ; (2): 36-40, 2014.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25080817

RESUMO

Comparative VNTR- and SNP-genotype analysis of four Bacillus anthracis strains (three vaccinal and one virulent) was carried out using modern molecular-genetic typing methods. It is established that these strains formed four SNP patterns completely corresponding to the VNTR-profiles. It was demonstrated that all strains tested except vaccinal B. anthracis STI-1 could not belong by SNP-profile to three global genetic lines of the anthrax agent extended in the world.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra Antraz/genética , Bacillus anthracis/genética , Genótipo , Repetições Minissatélites , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Vacinas contra Antraz/classificação , Bacillus anthracis/classificação , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana
3.
Cell Mol Life Sci ; 63(19-20): 2237-48, 2006 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16964578

RESUMO

Anthrax has been a major cause of death in grazing animals and an occasional cause of death in humans for thousands of years. Since the late 1800s there has been an exceptional international history of anthrax vaccine development. Due to animal vaccinations, the rate of infection has dropped dramatically. Anthrax vaccines have progressed from uncharacterized whole-cell vaccines in 1881, to pXO2-negative spores in the 1930s, to culture filtrates absorbed to aluminum hydroxide in 1970, and likely to recombinant protective antigen in the near future. Each of these refinements has increased safety without significant loss of efficacy. The threat of genetically engineered, antibiotic and vaccine resistant strains of Bacillus anthracis is fueling hypothesis-driven research and global techniques--including genomics, proteomics and transposon site hybridization--to facilitate the discovery of novel vaccine targets. This review highlights historical achievements and new developments in anthrax vaccine research.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra Antraz/história , Bacillus anthracis/patogenicidade , Animais , Antraz/história , Antraz/microbiologia , Antraz/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Antraz/classificação , Bacillus anthracis/genética , Bacillus anthracis/metabolismo , Toxinas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Toxinas Bacterianas/toxicidade , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Modelos Animais
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