RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Due to the launch of new self-etching and self-adhesive sealing materials combined with the release of bioactive ions in the dental market, this in vitro study aimed to compare physical values of surface roughness (RS), vickers microhardness (VM), compositional energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microbiological tests (inhibition halo-HI and surface microbial adhesion-MAS) and mechanical microshear bond strength (MBS). METHODS: The following groups were analyzed: Beautisealant® self-etching sealant (Shofu)(G1), FluroShield® conventional sealant (Dentsply)(G2- Control Group), Flow Constic® self-adhesive/self-etching resin (DMG)(G3) and Beautifil Flow Plus F03® conventional resin (Shofu)(G4). For the physical and compositional tests, specimens were molded and submitted to finishing/polishing in a metallographic polisher. RS and VM were measured through 5 readings. For the HI test, specimens were exposed to S. mutans for 24 h in brain-heart infusion (BHI) agar under microaerophilic conditions, with the diameter of the HI (mm) measured by digital caliper. For the MAS test, a bacterial biofilm of S. mutans was induced for five days in BHI broth + 5% sucrose and measurement of CFU/ml (log10 from serial dilutions). For the MBS test, specimens were made in bovine enamel with the addition of the experimental group FluroShield® (Dentsply) + Single Bond Universal® adhesive (3 M)(G5) and measured in a universal testing machine. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests (p < 0.05) using the SPSS software. RESULTS: Different compositions proven in the EDS test were not determinants of the promotion of different RS: G1 = 0,19 (± 0,07), G2 = 0,15 (± 0,053), G3 = 0,13 (± 0,046), G4 = 0,14 (± 0,056); HI: G1 = 17,7 (± 1,36), G2 = 18,7 (± 3,47), G3 = 18,9 (± 4,87), G4 = 17,9 (± 3,61) and MAS: G1 = 5,22 (± 0,12), G2 = 5,15 (± 0,15), G3 = 5,12 (± 0,20), G4 = 5,06 (± 0,24). However, statistically influenced the values of VM: G1 = 16,71 (± 1,93), G2 = 16,28 (± 4,91), G3 = 26,11 (± 3,46), G4 = 37.9 (± 4.87), promoted lesser bacterial adhesion (G4 = 5.06 ± 0.24), and demonstrated fluoride ion only in the G4. Higher MBS was found in the conventional materials G5 = 8.38 (± 2.05) and G2 = 6.28 (± 1.35). CONCLUSIONS: Bioactive materials and self-adhesive/self-etching for sealing pits and fissures did not demonstrate superior mechanical and antimicrobial properties performance compared to conventional techniques.
Assuntos
Biofilmes , Resinas Compostas , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Selantes de Fossas e Fissuras , Streptococcus mutans , Propriedades de Superfície , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Resinas Compostas/química , Técnicas In Vitro , Resistência ao Cisalhamento , Dureza , Aderência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectrometria por Raios X , Colagem Dentária/métodos , Bovinos , Poliuretanos , Bis-Fenol A-Glicidil MetacrilatoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus mutans, its serotypes (c, e, f, and k), collagen-binding genes (cnm/cbm), and Candida albicans in medium deep (D2) and deep (D3) dentin carious lesions of permanent teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Carious dentin was collected from D2 (n = 23) and D3 (n = 24) lesions in posterior teeth from 31 individuals. DNA was extracted and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Streptococcus spp. exhibited a high prevalence in both D2 and D3 lesions, with a 100% occurrence rate in D3. Although S. mutans was prevalent in both lesion types, serotype distribution highlighted differences in complexity. Serotype e was the most frequently detected in D2 samples. Serotype c was absent in D2 but present in 19.0% of D3; serotype k was exclusively found in multi-serotype D3 alongside f, c, and e. The cbm gene and undetermined serotypes were detected only in D3. Candida albicans was not found in any samples, regardless of lesion depth. CONCLUSION: Dentinal lesions exhibited a complex array of S. mutans serotypes, with a notable prevalence of the genus Streptococcus and an overall S. mutans prevalence of approximately 35%. Candida albicans was absent. In addition, a high diversity of serotypes was observed, including multiple and indeterminate serotypes, along with the presence of the collagen-binding cbm gene. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The identification of diverse Streptococcus mutans serotypes and the cbm gene in carious dentin from permanent teeth offers insights into microbial factors potentially linked to dentinal caries lesions. Additionally, the absence of Candida albicans suggests a limited role in this context.
Assuntos
Candida albicans , Cárie Dentária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Sorotipagem , Streptococcus mutans , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Candida albicans/genética , Streptococcus mutans/genética , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Dentina/microbiologia , ColágenoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recently, products with antibacterial properties derived from medicinal plants have increased as an alternative to conventional drugs. Thus, this study aimed to formulate and evaluate the antibacterial activity of an experimental gel based on Grindelia tarapacana essential oil in a bacterial consortium. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The composition of the essential oil (EO) was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity of the EO against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556, and Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 13419 was evaluated using an Agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. Five formulations of the experimental gel were prepared at 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% (v/v). The antibacterial susceptibility test was evaluated using an Agar-Well diffusion assay against a bacterial consortium of S. mutans, S. sanguinis, and S. salivarius. The physical properties, pH, spreadability, gel morphology, phase separation, and drug release were evaluated. The experimental gels were compared with a chlorhexidine gel. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests with a significant level of 5%. RESULTS: The major components of the EO were bornyl acetate, α-isomethyl-E-nerolidol, germacrene B, E-nerolidol, α-cedrene-epoxide, fokienol, and 10-epi-γ-eudesmol. All formulations were effective in inhibiting bacterial growth. The 2% concentration presented inhibition zones (18.14 ± 1.01 mm) similar to those observed for the chlorhexidine gel (p > 0.05). All formulations were stable, without signs of separation, with adequate physical properties, and no significant differences were observed regarding the drug content with the chlorhexidine gel (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The experimental gels based on G. tarapacana EO presented good physicochemical properties and were highly effective in inhibiting the growth of a cariogenic bacterial consortium.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Géis , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Óleos Voláteis , Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus sanguis , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus sanguis/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Streptococcus salivarius/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Clorexidina/farmacologia , Clorexidina/análogos & derivados , HumanosRESUMO
This study assessed the effect of composite resins, aggregated or not with S-PRG particles, and the use of toothpaste in controlling demineralization and bacterial growth. Human molars were distributed into 3 groups: control (CT) - sound teeth, Beautifil Bulk Restorative System (aggregated with S-PRG) (BB), Filtek One Bulk Fill (without S-PRG) (FB). Teeth destined for groups BB and FB previously received Class I preparations (4 × 4 × 4 mm), followed by single-increment restorations. All teeth were sectioned mesiodistally, with all specimens subjected to cariogenic challenge for 5 days, including microcosm biofilm formation. Half of each tooth was exposed to toothpaste (CTF, BBF, FBF). The loss of microhardness was assessed considering the initial microhardness as 100% on enamel, dentin, and composite resin substrates. Colony Forming Units (CFU/mL) were counted in 3 media. Data analysis used one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD test, and paired t-test (α = 0.05). Toothpaste significantly reduced CFU/mL for total bacteria and genus Streptococcus (p < 0.05), with no significant difference for Streptococcus mutans. Enamel microhardness was positively affected by toothpaste. Both restorative systems controlled enamel demineralization, with FB and FBF outperforming BB and BBF. There was minor degradation of both composite resins, between 10% and 22%. Toothpaste effectively reduced microorganisms, irrespective of the composite resin. Regarding demineralization control, both restorative systems, with and without S-PRG particles, were effective on enamel.
Assuntos
Biofilmes , Resinas Compostas , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Resinas Compostas/farmacologia , Resinas Compostas/química , Humanos , Cremes Dentais/farmacologia , Cremes Dentais/química , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Esmalte Dentário/microbiologia , Desmineralização do Dente/prevenção & controle , Desmineralização do Dente/microbiologia , Dente Molar/efeitos dos fármacos , Dente Molar/microbiologia , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/fisiologia , Streptococcus mutans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dureza , Dentina/microbiologia , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Dental caries remains a prevalent chronic disease driven by dysbiosis in the oral biofilm, with Streptococcus mutans playing a central role in its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effect of D-tagatose on cariogenic risk by analyzing randomized clinical trials (RCTs). METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted targeting RCTs published up to 2024 in eight databases and two gray literature sources. The search strategy utilized Medical Subject Headings (MeSHs) and relevant keywords combined via Boolean operators using the query "Tagatose OR D-tagatose AND Dental Caries". Eligible studies must evaluate the impact of D-tagatose on cariogenic risk, as indicated by reductions in colony-forming units (CFUs) and improvements in salivary pH levels in treatment groups. RESULTS: From 1139 retrieved records, three studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies consistently demonstrated significant reductions in CFU counts and improvements in salivary pH levels in groups treated with D-tagatose compared to controls using other non-caloric sweeteners or placebos (p < 0.01). However, the quality of the evidence was heterogeneous, with certain methodological concerns. CONCLUSIONS: Although the findings suggest potential benefits of D-tagatose in reducing cariogenic risk, limitations such as small sample sizes and variability in study methodologies warrant caution. Further robust investigations are needed to substantiate these promising results and support the integration of D-tagatose into oral care formulations aimed at reducing cariogenic risk.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Hexoses , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Saliva , Streptococcus mutans , Humanos , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Saliva/microbiologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Adoçantes não CalóricosRESUMO
The study aimed to assess the impact of combining potassium iodide (KI) with methylene blue (MB) in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) within an oral biofilm formed in situ. A single-phase, 14 days in situ study involved 21 volunteers, who wore a palatal appliance with 8 bovine dentin slabs. These slabs were exposed to a 20% sucrose solution 8 times a day, simulating a high cariogenic challenge. Following the intraoral phase, the biofilms formed on the slabs were randomly assigned to the treatments: C (0.9% NaCl); CHX (0.2% chlorhexidine); KI (75 mM KI); MBKI (0.005% MB + 75 mM KI); L (0.9% NaCl + red laser 660 nm, 18 J, 180 s); LMB (0.005% MB + laser); LKI (75 mM KI + laser); LMBKI (0.005% MB + 75 mM KI + laser). The treated biofilms were collected, diluted, and incubated to assess cell viability (CFU/mL) for total microorganisms, total lactobacilli, total streptococci, and mutans streptococci. Data were subjected to analysis using the Friedman test, followed by the Dunn test (α = 0.05). LMBKI group exhibited a noteworthy decrease in the viability of all microorganisms in comparison to groups C, KI, MBKI, MB, L, LMB, and LKI (p < 0.0001), and demonstrated a comparable reduction to the CHX group (p > 0.99). The combination of KI with MB in aPDT may be advocated as a non-invasive technique for diminishing the viability of polymicrobial oral biofilms, thereby aiding in the management of dental diseases.
Assuntos
Biofilmes , Azul de Metileno , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes , Iodeto de Potássio , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Azul de Metileno/farmacologia , Azul de Metileno/química , Iodeto de Potássio/farmacologia , Iodeto de Potássio/química , Humanos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/química , Animais , Bovinos , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/fisiologia , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto Jovem , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Considering the fact that resin infiltrants lack antibacterial activity, this study assessed the influence of the quaternary ammonium monomer dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (NACP) on the physical and antibacterial properties of an experimental resin infiltrant (ERI). METHODOLOGY: The following groups were established: ERI (75/25 wt.% TEGDMA/BISEMA), ERI + 2.5% DMAHDM (2.5DM), ERI + 5% DMAHDM (5DM), ERI + 2% NACP (NACP), ERI + 2.5% DMAHDM + 2% NACP (2.5DM_NACP), ERI + 5% DMAHDM + 2% NACP (5DM_NACP), and Icon® (IC), a commercial resin infiltrant. Degree of conversion (DC; n=4), sorption and solubility (SO/SOL; n=8), and contact angle (CA; n=10) tests were conducted. Biofilm biomass (BB; n=6) and bacterial metabolism (BM; n=8) were evaluated after Streptococcus mutans (UA159) cultivation for 48 h on material samples. Data were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Tukey or Games-Howell post hoc tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: IC exhibited the highest DC, with no difference from 2.5DM and 5DM. IC showed the lowest CA. IC had the lowest SO, followed by ERI, which had the lowest SOL, with no difference from IC. 5DM_NACP showed the lowest biofilm biomass, similar to 2.5DM and 5DM. Resin infiltrants containing DMAHDM showed reduced bacterial metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: DMAHDM, with or without NACP, demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, while NACP impaired DC. Both DMAHDM and NACP increased the contact angle, sorption, and solubility of the resin infiltrant, which may affect the material's clinical performance.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Biofilmes , Fosfatos de Cálcio , Teste de Materiais , Metacrilatos , Streptococcus mutans , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Metacrilatos/química , Metacrilatos/farmacologia , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Fosfatos de Cálcio/química , Fosfatos de Cálcio/farmacologia , Análise de Variância , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos/química , Ácidos Polimetacrílicos/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo , Propriedades de Superfície , Solubilidade , Nanopartículas/química , Valores de Referência , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Resinas Compostas/química , Resinas Compostas/farmacologia , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/química , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário/farmacologia , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Polietilenoglicóis/farmacologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de VarreduraRESUMO
Extracts of Cryptocarya species have been shown to reduce biofilms, demonstrating their antimicrobial effects. The extracts can be fractionated to optimize their potential. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Cryptocarya moschata fractions against planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. Four fractions were prepared: 100% hexane, acetate/hexane 1:1, 100% ethyl acetate, and water. The effect of the fractions on planktonic cells was assessed by counting the colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). Biofilm tests included CFU/mL, cell metabolic activity, and qualitative analysis using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test (α = 0.05). The fractions contained lipophilic constituents, styrylpyrones, glycosylated flavonoids, and alkaloids. Acetate/hexane (1:1) and 100% ethyl acetate fractions reduced the CFU/mL of planktonic C. albicans. C. moschata fractions did not affect planktonic S. mutans. For biofilms, the fractions reduced the CFU/mL (from 2-5 logs) and cell metabolic activity (approximately 80% reduction in a single-species biofilm). CLSM showed the fractions reduced microorganism viability and damaged the extracellular matrix of biofilms. We conclude that the acetate/hexane 1:1 and 100% ethyl acetate C. moschata fractions exhibit antimicrobial effects against biofilms.
Assuntos
Biofilmes , Candida albicans , Plâncton , Extratos Vegetais , Streptococcus mutans , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/fisiologia , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/fisiologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Plâncton/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Microscopia ConfocalRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of white vinegar, acetic acid, and peracetic acid on photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plates disinfection, and to assess the disinfectant influence on the radiographic quality. METHODS: Eight PSP plates (Express system) were contaminated with Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. These plates were wiped with tissues without any substance, with white vinegar, acetic acid, and peracetic acid, followed by an agar imprint. Number of microbial colonies formed was recorded. Afterwards, the quality of radiographs was tested using the more efficient disinfectant. Before disinfection and after every five disinfections, two radiographs of an acrylic-block and two radiographs of an aluminium step-wedge were acquired for each plate. Density, noise, uniformity, and contrast were analysed. Three oral radiologists evaluated the images for the presence of artefacts. One-way analysis of variance compared changes on grey values among the disinfections (α = .05). Intra- and inter-examiner agreement for the presence of artefacts was calculated by weighted Kappa. RESULTS: Peracetic acid was the only one that eliminated both microorganisms. Density and uniformity decreased after 100 disinfections, and contrast changed without a pattern in the course of disinfections (P ≤ .05). Small artefacts were observed after 30 disinfections. Intra- and inter-examiner agreements were almost perfect. CONCLUSIONS: Disinfection with peracetic acid eliminated both microorganisms. However, it also affected density, uniformity, and contrast of radiographs, and led to the formation of small artefacts.
Assuntos
Ácido Acético , Candida albicans , Desinfecção , Ácido Peracético , Ácido Peracético/farmacologia , Desinfecção/métodos , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Acético/farmacologia , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Artefatos , Desinfetantes de Equipamento Odontológico/farmacologia , Radiografia Dentária Digital , Humanos , Contaminação de Equipamentos/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of adding arginine at different concentrations to commercial and experimental orthodontic resins on shear bond strength (SBS), as well as on the antimicrobial activity of arginine against S. mutans. Metal brackets were bonded onto the surface of 120 bovine incisors using Transbond, OrthoCem, and an experimental resin (ER), adding 0, 2.5, 5, and 7 wt.% of arginine. The SBS test was performed in deionized water at 37 ºC for 24 h, at 0.5 mm/min. SBS test results were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). CFU/mL data (antimicrobial assessment) were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (α = 0.05). No statistical difference between the resins was observed in untreated groups (p > 0.05). The addition of arginine at 2.5% (27.7 MPa) and 5% (29.0 MPa) increased the SBS of Transbond when compared (p < 0.05) to OrthoCem (18.5 and 15.6 MPa, respectively) and ER (16.3 and 18.1 MPa, respectively). Arginine at 7% improved the SBS of Transbond (24.1 MPa) and ER (21.0 MPa), which was statistically higher (p < 0.05) than OrthoCem (12.6 MPa). OrthoCem did not show a statistically significant difference at the three concentrations of arginine (p > 0.05). The addition of arginine to resins reduced the count of S. mutans (p < 0.05). As for ER, all concentrations of arginine significantly decreased CFU/mL (p < 0.05). Among commercial resins, only 7% of arginine significantly reduced CFU/mL. The addition of arginine did not interfere with the bond strength and demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. mutans.
Assuntos
Arginina , Teste de Materiais , Braquetes Ortodônticos , Cimentos de Resina , Resistência ao Cisalhamento , Streptococcus mutans , Arginina/química , Arginina/farmacologia , Animais , Bovinos , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise de Variância , Cimentos de Resina/química , Fatores de Tempo , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Propriedades de Superfície/efeitos dos fármacos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Valores de Referência , Colagem Dentária/métodos , Bis-Fenol A-Glicidil MetacrilatoRESUMO
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of treatment with low-temperature plasma (LTP) for varying exposure durations on a multispecies cariogenic biofilm comprising C. albicans, L. casei, and S. mutans, as well as on single-species biofilms of L. casei and C. albicans, cultured on hydroxyapatite discs. Biofilms were treated with LTP-argon at a 10 mm distance for 30 s, 60 s, and 120 s. Chlorhexidine solution (0.12%) and NaCl (0.89%) were used as positive (PC) and negative controls (NC), respectively. Argon flow only was also used as gas flow control (F). Colony-forming units (CFU) recovery and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to analyze biofilm viability. LTP starting at 30 s of application significantly reduced the viability of multispecies biofilms by more than 2 log10 in all treated samples (p < 0.0001). For single-species biofilms, L. casei showed a significant reduction compared to PC and NC of over 1 log10 at all exposure times (p < 0.0001). In the case of C. albicans biofilms, LTP treatment compared to PC and NC resulted in a significant decrease in bacterial counts when applied for 60 and 120 s (1.55 and 1.90 log10 CFU/mL, respectively) (p < 0.0001). A significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) of LTP in single-species biofilms was observed to start at 60 s of LTP application compared to F, suggesting a time-dependent effect of LTP for the single-species biofilms of C. albicans and L. casei. LTP is a potential mechanism in treating dental caries by being an effective anti-biofilm therapy of both single and multispecies cariogenic biofilms.
Assuntos
Biofilmes , Candida albicans , Gases em Plasma , Streptococcus mutans , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Gases em Plasma/farmacologia , Candida albicans/fisiologia , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/fisiologia , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Cárie Dentária/terapia , Lacticaseibacillus casei/fisiologia , Humanos , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Microscopia Confocal , Temperatura BaixaRESUMO
Background and objectives: The development of the oral microbiome begins in the prenatal stage. Breast milk contains antimicrobial proteins, microorganisms, metabolites, enzymes, and immunoglobulins, among others; therefore, differences have been noted in the type of microorganisms that colonize the oral cavity of children who are breastfed compared to those who are formula-fed. Our objective was to establish the relationship between breastfeeding, formula feeding, or mixed feeding (breastfeeding and formula) with the presence of S. mutans in a population of children under 6 months of age. Materials and Methods: The patients were recruited from the Child Care Center of Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, and from the pediatric dentistry postgraduate clinics of the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez; children exclusively fed maternally, with formula, and/or mixed were included. Those who had been fed within the previous hour were excluded. The sample was taken with a smear of the jugal groove using a sterile micro-brush. For the identification of Streptococcus mutans, a culture of Mitis Salivarius Agar (Millipore) was used. Results: 53.3% corresponded to females and 46.7% to males, 36.7% corresponded to maternal feeding, 23.3% corresponded to formula feeding, and 40% corresponded to mixed feeding. In 90% of the infants, the parents indicated that they did not perform oral hygiene. The CFU count showed that infants who were exclusively breastfed had an average of 9 × 10 CF/mL, formula-fed infants had an average of 78 × 10 CFU/mL, and those who had mixed feeding 21 × 10 CFU/mL. Conclusions: According to the results obtained, it was possible to corroborate that exclusive breastfeeding limits the colonization of Streptococcus mutans compared to those infants who receive formula or mixed feeding; these results could have a clinical impact on the dental health of infants by having a lower presence of one of the main etiological factors involved in dental caries and the type of microbiome established in the oral cavity.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Leite Humano , Boca , Streptococcus mutans , Humanos , Streptococcus mutans/isolamento & purificação , Leite Humano/microbiologia , Feminino , Lactente , Masculino , Boca/microbiologia , Fórmulas Infantis/estatística & dados numéricos , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Analyze the effects of the functionalization of pre-functionalized GIC particles with chlorhexidine on the physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four groups were prepared: (1) GIC (Bioglass R - Biodinamica) - control group; (2) GIC-CHX 1%: Group containing 1% pre-reacted CHX particles; (3) GIC-CHX 2.5%: Group containing 2.5% pre-reacted CHX particles; (4) GIC-CHX 5%: Group containing 5% pre-reacted CHX particles. Hourglass-shaped specimens (10 mm × 2 mm x 1 mm) were fabricated for mechanical tests including cohesive strength (n = 12), modulus of elasticity (n = 12) and microhardness (n = 10). Discs (10 mm × 2 mm) were prepared for the analysis of Ca+2, PO4- and F- ions release (n = 3), and roughness (n = 12). To evaluate the setting time, a Gilmore needle was used according to ISO 9917-1:2016. Disk-shaped specimens (5 × 1mm) were manufactured and subjected to bacterial activity (n = 9) (Streptococcus mutans ATCC 159). RESULTS: Modulus, roughness, setting time and ions release (Ca+2, PO4-, and F-) there were no statistically significant differences among the groups (p > 0.05). The setting time did not change with the incorporation of CHX. The GIC-CHX 2.5% and GIC-CHX 5% groups exhibited superior antibacterial activity compared to the control group and GIC-CHX 1% (p < 0.001). The GIC-CHX 5% group showed the highest microhardness values (p < 0.041), cohesive strength (p < 0.009) when compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The pre-reacted CHX in GICs was able to confer antimicrobial activity, improve cohesive strength, microhardness, and did not impair ion release, setting time, and roughness.
Assuntos
Clorexidina , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro , Teste de Materiais , Clorexidina/química , Clorexidina/farmacologia , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/química , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Dureza , Fenômenos Mecânicos , Propriedades de Superfície , Fenômenos Químicos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the effect of NaF/Chit suspensions on enamel and on S. mutans biofilm, simulating application of a mouthrinse. METHODS: The NaF/Chit particle suspensions were prepared at molar ratio [NaF]/Chitmon]≈0.68 at nominal concentrations of 0.2 % and 0.05 % NaF and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering and zeta potential. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured. The S. mutans biofilm was formed for 7 days on eighty human enamel blocks that were divided into eight groups (n = 10/group): i) 0.05 % NaF solution; ii) 0.31 % Chit solution; iii) NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.05 % NaF; iv) 1.0 % HAc solution (Control); v) 0.2 % NaF solution; vi) 1.25 % Chit solution; vii) NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.2 % NaF; viii) 0.12 % chlorhexidine digluconate. The substances were applied daily for 90 s. S. mutans cell counts (CFU/mL) were performed, and the Knoop microhardness (KHN) of enamel samples were measured before and after biofilm formation. The KHN and CFU/mL data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Interactions between NaF and Chit were evidenced in solid state by FTIR spectra. The NaF/Chit complexes showed spontaneous microparticle formation and colloidal stability. The MIC and MBC ranged from 0.65 to 1.31 mg/mL. The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspension at 0.2 %NaF Group showed lower CFU/mL values than other groups. The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspensions Groups had the highest KHN values after biofilm formation. CONCLUSIONS: The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) complexes exhibited an antibacterial effect against S. mutans biofilm and reduced the enamel hardness loss. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The NaF/Chit(R=0.68) suspensions showed potential to be used as a mouthrinse for caries prevention.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Biofilmes , Quitosana , Esmalte Dentário , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fluoreto de Sódio , Streptococcus mutans , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Esmalte Dentário/microbiologia , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Fluoreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Quitosana/farmacologia , Quitosana/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Antissépticos Bucais/farmacologia , Antissépticos Bucais/química , Coloides , Cariostáticos/farmacologia , Cariostáticos/químicaRESUMO
We assessed the impact of probiotics on outcomes related to caries in children and/or adolescents without underlying systemic diseases. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Searches were performed in Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science until March 2023 for RCTs assessing probiotics with a minimum intake duration of 0.2 months vs. control (no treatment or placebo) and reporting at least one primary or secondary outcome. Primary outcomes were number of carious, Streptococcus mutans count, and Lactobacillus count; secondary outcomes were bacterial plaque index, gingival index, salivary pH, and bleeding index. We performed meta-analyses with random effects models and the inverse variance method. Effects were described as mean difference (MD) with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The risk of bias was assessed with the RoB 2.0 tool. The GRADE methodology was used to assess the quality of evidence (QoE). Nineteen RCTs were included (n = 2622), with a follow-up range of 0.2 to 108 months. Probiotics had no effect on reduction of dental caries (MD -0.24 carious pieces, 95%CI -0.72 to 0.23; I2 = 52%, low QoE) or Lactobacillus count (MD -0.78 CFU/mL, 95%CI -1.65 to 0.09; I2= 52%, very low QoE) vs. control. However, probiotics probably reduced S. mutans count vs. control (MD -0.40 CFU/mL, 95%CI -0.57 to -0.24; I2 = 11%, moderate QoE). Probiotics had no effect on bacterial plaque index (MD 0.21 units of bacterial plaque, 95%CI -0. 55-0.96; I2 = 80%, very low QoE), gingival index (MD 0.04 units of gingival index, 95%CI -0.18 to 0.27; I2= 0%, low QoE), and salivary pH (MD -0.12 pH units, 95%CI -0.72 to 0.48; I2 = 92%, very low QoE) vs. control. Probiotics were found to likely reduce S. mutans counts. However, no significant effect of probiotics was observed in reducing other outcomes compared to the control group.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Probióticos , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Índice de Placa Dentária , Lactobacillus , Índice Periodontal , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Streptococcus mutans , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on Streptococcus mutans biofilm in the oral cavity using the photosensitizer chloroaluminum phthalocyanine encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (ClAlPc/Ch) at three preirradiation times. METHODS: Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans strains (ATCC 25,175) were cultivated on bovine tooth blocks and exposed to a 10% sucrose solution three times a day for 1 min over three consecutive days. The samples were randomly distributed into five treatment groups (n = 5): (I) aPDT with ClAlPc/Ch with a preirradiation time of 5 min (F5), (II) aPDT with ClAlPc/Ch with a preirradiation time of 15 min (F15), (III) aPDT with ClAlPc/Ch with a preirradiation time of 30 min (F30), (IV) 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), and (V) 0.9% saline solution (NaCl). After treatment, the S. mutans biofilms formed on each specimen were collected to determine the number of viable bacteria (colony-forming units (CFU)/mL). Data were analyzed for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests to analyze the number of viable bacteria (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The one-way ANOVA showed a difference between the groups (p = 0.0003), and the Tukey HSD posttest showed that CHX had the highest microbial reduction of S. mutans, not statistically different from the F5 and F15 groups, whereas the NaCl group had the lowest microbial reduction statistically similar to the F30 group. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that aPDT mediated by ClAlPc/Ch when used at preirradiation times of 5-15 min can be an effective approach in controlling cariogenic biofilm of S. mutans, being an alternative to 0.12% CHX.
Assuntos
Biofilmes , Quitosana , Nanopartículas , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes , Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos da radiação , Streptococcus mutans/fisiologia , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Quitosana/farmacologia , Quitosana/química , Nanopartículas/química , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/efeitos da radiação , Animais , Bovinos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Indóis/farmacologia , Boca/microbiologia , Clorexidina/farmacologia , Clorexidina/análogos & derivados , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos da radiação , Compostos OrganometálicosRESUMO
Dental caries is a highly prevalent oral disease affecting billions of individuals globally. The disease occurs chemically as a result of breakdown of the tooth surface attributed to metabolic activity in colonizing biofilm. Biofilms, composed of exopolysaccharides and proteins, protect bacteria like Streptococcus mutans, which is notable for its role in tooth decay due to its acid-producing abilities. While various antimicrobial agents may prevent biofilm formation, these drugs often produce side effects including enamel erosion and taste disturbances. This study aimed to examine utilization of the Mentha piperita essential oil as a potential antibiofilm activity agent against S. mutans. M. piperita oil significantly (1) reduced bacterial biofilm, (2) exhibited a synergistic effect when combined with chlorhexidine, and (3) did not induce cell toxicity. Chemical analysis identified the essential oil with 99.99% certainty, revealing menthol and menthone as the primary components, constituting approximately 42% and 26%, respectively. Further, M. piperita oil eradicated preformed biofilms and inhibited biofilm formation at sub-inhibitory concentrations. M. piperita oil also interfered with bacterial quorum sensing communication and did not produce any apparent cell toxicity in immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT). M. piperita represented an alternative substance for combating S. mutans and biofilm formation and a potential combination option with chlorhexidine to minimize side effects. An in-situ performance assessment requires further studies.
Assuntos
Biofilmes , Mentha piperita , Óleos Voláteis , Percepção de Quorum , Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Mentha piperita/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Humanos , Percepção de Quorum/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologiaRESUMO
To evaluate the effect of antiseptic soap on single and dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans on denture base and reline resins. Samples of the resins were distributed into groups (n = 9) according to the prevention or disinfection protocols. In the prevention protocol, samples were immersed in the solutions (Lifebuoy, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution and PBS) for 7, 14 and 28 days before the single and dual-species biofilms formation. Overnight denture disinfection was simulated. In the disinfection protocol, samples were immersed in the same solutions during 8 hours after the single and dual-species biofilms formation. Antimicrobial activity was analyzed by counting colony-forming units (CFU/mL) and evaluating cell metabolism. Cell viability and protein components of the biofilm matrix were evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Data were submitted to ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post-test (α = 0.05) or Dunnett's T3 multiple comparisons test. In the prevention protocol, Lifebuoy solution effectively reduced the number of CFU/mL of both species. In addition, the solution decreased the cell metabolism of the microorganisms. Regarding disinfection protocol, the Lifebuoy solution was able of reduce approximately of 2-3 logs for all the biofilms on the denture base and reline resin. Cellular metabolism was also reduced. The images obtained with CLSM corroborate these results. Lifebuoy solution was effective in reducing single and dual-species biofilms on denture base and reline resins.
Assuntos
Resinas Acrílicas , Biofilmes , Candida albicans , Bases de Dentadura , Streptococcus mutans , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/fisiologia , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/fisiologia , Bases de Dentadura/microbiologia , Resinas Acrílicas/química , Resinas Acrílicas/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/farmacologia , Desinfecção/métodos , HumanosRESUMO
La caries es una enfermedad multifactorial que afecta los tejidos duros del diente, con la evaluación del riesgo de caries es posible determinar la probabilidad de su incidencia durante un determinado periodo de tiempo. El objetivo consistió en determinar el estado de salud bucal en mujeres gestantes y su relación con factores de riesgo de caries. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional clínico. La población estuvo constituida por mujeres gestantes que concurrieron al Hospital Ángela Llano de la cuidad de Corrientes para su atención. Se confeccionó una historia clínica y se determinó el estado de salud bucal y de riesgo de caries según protocolo CAMBRA. Para la carac- terización y descripción de los datos se utilizaron estadísticas univariadas. Los resultados alcanzados fueron: Índice de Caries de 4.5 a 6.5, en el índice de Placa la media ± DS 56,8% ± 39,9% Min: 28,5%/ Max: 90,9%. Respecto al valor de pH de 7,11 ±0,43, Min.: 7,00, Max.: 8,67. Flujo salival: media ± DS: 0,58ml/m ± 0,28 ml/m Min.:0,2 ml/m Max.: 0,62 ml/m; Edad promedio: 22años. Min.:18 Max.: 33 años. Recuento de Strepto- coccus mutans (SM) con periodo gestacional 1° y 2° trimestre, el conteo de bacterias: 2.3x105 +/- 3.2x 105 UFC/ml de saliva y 3° Trimestre el conteo de 1.2x 106 +/-2.02 x 106 UFC/ml de saliva. La presencia de SM puede aumentar considerable- mente el riesgo de caries, si los mecanismos de defen- sa del huésped no anulan la bacteria (AU)
Caries is a multifactorial disease that affects the hard tissues of the tooth. By evaluating the risk of caries, it is possible to determine the probability of its incidence during a certain period of time. The objective was to determine the oral health status of pregnant women and its relationship with caries risk factors. A clinical observational descriptive study was carried out. The population was made up of pregnant women who attended the Ángela Llano Hospital in the city of Corrientes for care. A clinical history was prepared, and the oral health status and caries risk were determined according to the CAMBRA protocol. Univariate statistics were used to characterize and describe the data. The results achieved were Caries Index from 4.5 to 6.5, in the Plaque index the mean ± SD 56.8% ± 39.9% Min: 28.5%/ Max: 90.9%. Regarding the pH value of 7.11 ±0.43, Min.: 7.00, Max.: 8.67. Salivary flow: mean ± SD: 0.58 ml/m ± 0.28 ml/m Min.: 0.2 ml/m Max.: 0.62 ml/m; Average age: 22 years. Min.:18 Max.: 33 years. Streptococcus mutans (SM) count with gestational period 1st and 2nd trimester, bacteria count: 2.3x105 +/- 3.2x 105 CFU/ml of saliva and 3rd Trimester count 1.2x 106 +/- 2.02 x 106 CFU/ml of saliva. The presence of SM can considerably increase the risk of caries, if the host defense mechanisms do not override the bacteria (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Complicações na Gravidez/fisiopatologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/transmissão , Streptococcus mutans/patogenicidade , Fatores de Risco , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Argentina , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Fatores Etários , Suscetibilidade à Cárie Dentária , Unidade Hospitalar de OdontologiaRESUMO
This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of surface pre-reacted glass ionomer eluate (S-PRG) against oral microcosm biofilms collected from the oral cavity of patients. Dental biofilm samples were collected from three volunteers to form microcosm biofilms in vitro. Initially, screening tests were carried out to determine the biofilm treatment conditions with S-PRG eluate. The effects of a daily treatment for 5 min using three microcosm biofilms from different patients was then evaluated. For this, biofilms were formed on tooth enamel specimens for 120 h. Biofilms treated with 100% S-PRG for 5 min per day for 5 days showed a reduction in the number of total microorganisms, streptococci and mutans streptococci. SEM images confirmed a reduction in the biofilm after treatment. Furthermore, S-PRG also reduced lactic acid production. It was concluded that S-PRG eluate reduced the microbial load and lactic acid production in oral microcosm biofilms, reinforcing its promising use as a mouthwash agent.