Asociación entre los factores sociodemográficos, obstétricos y patológicos con la muerte fetal tardía: estudio de casos y controles en un hospital de Perú / Association between sociodemographic, obstetric and pathologic factors with late fetal death: a case-control study in a peruvian hospital

RESUMEN

Introducción: En el Perú, poco se conoce acerca de los factores de riesgo asociados a la muerte fetal tardía, lo que se considera información valiosa para implementar estrategias de prevención. Objetivos: Evaluar la asociación entre factores sociodemográficos, obstétricos y patológicos y la muerte fetal tardía en un hospital peruano. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles entre el mes de julio de 2014 y junio de 2016. Los casos fueron gestantes que tuvieron muerte fetal intrauterina, y los controles fueron gestantes que tuvieron un recién nacido vivo. Se evaluaron factores como nivel educativo, ocupación, número de controles prenatales (CPN), y la presencia de complicaciones como parto pre-termino, pre-eclampsia o retardo del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) Resultados: Se incluyeron 60 casos y 120 controles. El nivel educativo primario (OR 4,3; IC 95% 1,0-18,0), la ocupación trabajadora (OR 3,8; IC 95% 1,3-11,0), no tener CPN (OR 21,0; IC 95% 2,6-170,1), la pre-eclampsia (OR 4,1; IC 95% 1,3-12,7), el parto pretérmino (OR 10,1; IC 95% 4.7-21,7) y RCIU (OR 7,0; IC 95% 2,4-20,5) se asociaron con la mortalidad fetal. Conclusión: Existen factores de riesgo sociodemográficos, obstétricos y patológicos asociados a tener muerte fetal tardía.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In Peru, a little is known about risk factors associated with late fetal death. This is a valuable information, which have to be used in order to implement preventional strategies. Objectives: To evaluate association between late fetal death and social, demographical, obstetrical and pathological factors in a peruvian hospital. Methods: A retrospective study of cases and controls between July 2014 and June 2016. The cases were pregnant women who had intrauterine fetal death and controls were pregnant women who had a newborn alive. Educational level, profession, number of prenatal care consults (CPN), and complications as preterm birth, pre-eclampsia or intrauterine growth retardation (RCIU) were evaluated as possible associated factors. Results: 60 cases and 120 controls were included. Primary education level (OR = 4,3; 95% CI = 1,0-18,0), working occupation (OR = 3,8; 95% CI = 1,3-11,0), no CPN (OR = 21,0; 95% CI = 2,6-170,1), pre-eclampsia (OR = 4,1; 95% CI = 1,3-12,7), preterm birth (OR = 10,1; 95%CI = 4,7-21,7) and RCIU (OR = 7.0; 95%CI = 2.4-20.5) were associated with fetal mortality. Conclusion: There are social, demographical, obstetrical and pathological risk factors associated with late fetal death.