Phylogenetic relationships among species of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) (Diptera, Culicidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences

ABSTRACT

Phylogenetic relationships among 21 species of mosquitoes in subgenus Nyssorhynchus were inferredfrom the nuclear white and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) genes. Bayesian phylogeneticmethods found that none of the three Sections within Nyssorhynchus (Albimanus, Argyritarsis,Myzorhynchella) were supported in all analyses, although Myzorhynchella was found to be monophyleticat the combined genes. Within the Albimanus Section the monophyly of the Strodei Subgroup wasstrongly supported and within the Myzorhynchella Section Anopheles antunesi and An. lutzii formed astrongly supported monophyletic group. The epidemiologically significant Albitarsis Complex showedevidence of paraphyly (relative to An. lanei-Myzorhynchella) and discordance across gene trees, and thepreviously synonomized species of An. dunhami and An. goeldii were recovered as sister species. Finally,there was evidence of complexes in several species, including An. antunesi, An. deaneorum, and An. strodei...