Linfoma no Hodgkin de células grandes "B" en cavidad oral: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the oral cavity: a case report and review of literature

RESUMEN

Los linfomas no Hodgkin conforman un grupo de neoplasias malignas de origen lin-foide, clasificadas, de acuerdo con su correspondiente estirpe celular, como linfomas de células B o T. En su mayoría, estas entidades, provienen de linfocitos B, siendo el más frecuente el linfoma difuso de células B grandes (DLBCL). En cavidad oral, los linfomas no-Hodgkin tienen una baja incidencia y su pronóstico, evolución clínica y respuesta a los tratamientos, dependen del subtipo presentado. Estas neoplasias pueden desarrollarse en los tejidos blandos de la cavidad oral o de forma central en los maxilares. Se reporta un paciente de 80 años con una lesión correspondiente a linfoma no Hodgkin de células B grandes en cavidad oral, que se trató con quimioterapia y radioterapia, respondiendo favorablemente al tratamiento. Asimismo, con el objetivo de describir este tipo de lesio-nes poco frecuentes en cavidad oral y de valorar el pronóstico que estas tienen, se realizó una revisión de la literatura. Se concluye que debido a que el pronóstico de este tipo de lesiones depende del subtipo de linfoma no Hodgkin del que se trate y de su localización anatómica resulta muy importante realizar un correcto diagnóstico, de modo que se logre aplicar el tratamiento más adecuado para cada caso.

ABSTRACT

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas make up a group of malignant neoplasms of lymphoid origin, according to their corresponding cell line, as B or T cell lymphomas classified. Mostly, these entities come from B lymphocytes, being the most frequent diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In the oral cavity, non-Hodgkin lymphomas have low incidence and their prognosis, clinical evolution and response to treatments, depend on the subtype presented. These malignancies can develop in soft tissues of the oral cavity or centrally in the jaws. We report an 80-year-old patient with an injury corresponding to large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the oral cavity, who has been treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, responding favorably to treatment. Likewise, in order to describe this infre-quent type of lesions of the oral cavity and to assess the prognosis they have, a literature review was performed. It is concluded that because of the prognosis of this type of lesions Non-Hodgkin lymphomas make up a group of malignant neoplasms of lymphoid origin, according to their corresponding cell line, as B or T cell lymphomas classified. Mostly, these entities come from B lymphocytes, being the most frequent diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In the oral cavity, non-Hodgkin lymphomas have low incidence and their prognosis, clinical evolution and response to treatments, depend on the subtype presented. These malignancies can develop in soft tissues of the oral cavity or centrally in the jaws. We report an 80-year-old patient with an injury corresponding to large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the oral cavity, who has been treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, responding favorably to treatment. Likewise, in order to describe this infre-quent type of lesions of the oral cavity and to assess the prognosis they have, a literature review was performed. It is concluded that because of the prognosis of this type of lesions .