Factores asociados a la adopción de conducta promotora de salud en estudiantes de una universidad en Chile / Factors associated with the adoption of health promoting behavior in students of a university in Chile

RESUMEN

La Conducta Promotora de Salud se ve influenciada por diversos factores que definen el estilo de vida de una persona. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar los factores que condicionan la adopción de Conducta Promotora de Salud en estudiantes de una Universidad en Chile. Se realizó un estudio analítico, de corte transversal, en 189 estudiantes, se aplicó la Escala de Estilo de vida Promotor de Salud, Escala de Autoeficacia General, Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg y un cuestionario para caracterizar a los participantes. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial y el programa SPSS 22. Se observó que los dominios de la Escala de Estilo de Vida Promotor de Salud que presentaron mayor media fueron, crecimiento espiritual y relaciones interpersonales con una media de 24,7 (D.S=5,4) y 23,9 (D.S=4,8) respectivamente. En cuanto a los Factores de Riesgo para la Salud solo el consumo de marihuana se relacionó con Conducta Promotora de Salud (p value 0,036). Además se aprecia que la Conducta Promotora de Salud tiene una relación directamente proporcional y significativa con percepción de Autoestima y Autoeficacia (p value< 0,01). Se concluye que, a mayor percepción de Autoestima y Autoeficacia mayor es la adopción de Conducta Promotora de Salud.

ABSTRACT

Health Promoting Behavior is influenced by various factors that define a person's lifestyle. The objective of this study is to determine the factors that condition the adoption of Promoting Health Conduct in students of a University in Chile. An analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out on 189 students; the Health Promoter Lifestyle Style Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and a questionnaire to characterize the participants were applied. Descriptive and inferential statistics and the SPSS 22 program were used. It was observed that the domains of the Health Promoter Lifestyle Scale that had the highest average were spiritual growth and interpersonal relationships with a mean of 24.7 (SD = 5.4) and 23.9 (SD = 4.8) respectively. Regarding the Risk Factors for Health, only marijuana consumption was related to Health Promoting Behavior (p value 0.036). It is also seen that the Health Promotion Conduct has a directly proportional and significant relationship with the perception of Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy (p value <0.01). It is concluded that, the greater the perception of Self-esteem and Self-efficacy, the greater is the adoption of Promoting Health Behavior.