Perfil epidemiológico das fraturas traumáticas das colunas torácica e lombar submetidas ao tratamento cirúrgico / Epidemiological profile of traumatic fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine submitted to surgical treatment

RESUMO

O traumatismo raquimedular é toda e qualquer lesão do complexo osteoligamentar da coluna vertebral além da medula espinhal e dos nervos espinhais, impactando diretamente na vida do paciente e no sistema de saúde pública. Este estudo transversal retrospectivo buscou, através de análise de prontuários, analisar os dados epidemiológicos de pacientes com fraturas traumáticas das colunas torácica e/ou lombar submetidos à cirurgia e formular uma propedêutica educacional de prevenção. Em conclusão, observou-se que as fraturas traumáticas da coluna toracolombar foram mais frequentes nos homens, com média de idade de 41,26 anos. As quedas de altura foram as principais causas. As fraturas de vértebras isoladas foram as mais incidentes, e a L1, a mais acometida, sem déficit neurológico na maioria dos casos. A cirurgia preconizada foi a artrodese curta, principalmente do segmento lombar.

ABSTRACT

Spinal cord injury is any injury to the osteoligamentary complex of the spine in addition to the spinal cord and spinal nerves, directly impacting the patient's life and the public health system. This retrospective cross-sectional study sought, through analysis of medical records, to analyze the epidemiological data of patients with traumatic fractures of the thoracic and/or lumbar spine who underwent surgery and to formulate a propaedeutic prevention education. In conclusion, was observed that traumatic fractures of the thoracolumbar spine were more frequent in males, with a mean age of 41.26 years. Falls from heights were the main causes. Fractures of isolated vertebrae were the most frequent, and L1 was the most affected, with no neurological deficit in most cases. The recommended surgery was short arthrodesis, mainly of the lumbar segment.