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Tuberculosis infantil en Chile: ¿de dónde provienen los casos? / Childhood tuberculosis in Chile: where do the cases come from?
Escobar S, Nadia; Herrera M, Tania.
Affiliation
  • Escobar S, Nadia; Ministerio de Salud. Programa de Control y Eliminación de la Tuberculosis. CL
  • Herrera M, Tania; Ministerio de Salud. Programa de Control y Eliminación de la Tuberculosis. CL
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 37(4): 325-331, dic. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388160
Responsible library: CL1.1
RESUMEN
La tuberculosis es la principal causa de muerte por un agente infeccioso a nivel mundial y se estima que un 6% de los casos nuevos corresponde a tuberculosis infantil. La presencia de tuberculosis en niños es una señal de la existencia de transmisión del agente en la comunidad. Esta investigación busca describir las características epidemiológicas de la tuberculosis infantil en Chile entre 2011 y 2020.

METODOLOGÍA:

estudio descriptivo de los casos de tuberculosis infantil registrados en Chile entre los años 2011 y 2020.

RESULTADOS:

se registraron 544 casos de tuberculosis en menores de 15 años en el período analizado, con una tasa de incidencia anual entre 1,1 y 2,2 casos por 100.000. Se observa un importante aumento de casos en los últimos tres años, especialmente en el grupo de menores de 5 años. 63,2% corresponden a tuberculosis pulmonar, y de ellos 62,3% fueron confirmados por bacteriología. La mayoría de los casos no presenta comorbilidades que impliquen inmunosupresión y la incidencia de meningitis tuberculosa en menores de 5 años es baja. La proporción de contactos es de 29% y la de extranjeros de 17%, ambas variables en aumento en los últimos años.

CONCLUSIÓN:

La tuberculosis en niños sigue siendo un problema de salud poco frecuente en Chile. Sin embargo, su aumento en los últimos años debe alertar sobre un incremento de la transmisión comunitaria de la enfermedad, por lo que se debe reforzar la detección oportuna de casos contagiantes, la investigación de contactos y el tratamiento preventivo.
ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide and it is estimated that 6% of new cases are children. Childhood tuberculosis reflects ongoing transmission within communities. This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics of childhood tuberculosis in Chile between 2011 and 2020.

METHODOLOGY:

descriptive study of the cases of tuberculosis under 15 years-old registered in Chile from 2011 to 2020.

RESULTS:

544 cases were registered in the period analyzed, with an annual incidence rate between 1.1 and 2.2 cases per 100,000. A significant increase in cases is observed in the last three years, especially in the group under 5 years-old. 63.2% correspond to pulmonary tuberculosis, and among them 62.3% are confirmed by bacteriology. Most of the cases do not have comorbidities and the incidence of tuberculous meningitis in children under 5 years is low. Contacts are 29% of the cases and foreigners are 17%, both percentages are increasing in the last years.

CONCLUSION:

Childhood tuberculosis remains a low frequency health problem in Chile. However, its increase in recent years implies an increase in the community transmission. Active case finding, contact tracing and preventive treatment should be reinforced.
Subject(s)


Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / Neglected Diseases / SDG3 - Target 3.3 End transmission of communicable diseases / SDG3 - Target 3.4 Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases Health problem: Target 3.3: End transmission of communicable diseases / Target 3.2: Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 / Neglected Diseases / Tuberculosis / Meningitis / Tuberculosis / Other Respiratory Diseases Database: LILACS Main subject: Tuberculosis Type of study: Etiology study / Incidence study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Chile Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. enferm. respir Journal subject: Pulmonary Disease (Specialty) Year: 2021 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Ministerio de Salud/CL

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / Neglected Diseases / SDG3 - Target 3.3 End transmission of communicable diseases / SDG3 - Target 3.4 Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases Health problem: Target 3.3: End transmission of communicable diseases / Target 3.2: Reduce avoidable death in newborns and children under 5 / Neglected Diseases / Tuberculosis / Meningitis / Tuberculosis / Other Respiratory Diseases Database: LILACS Main subject: Tuberculosis Type of study: Etiology study / Incidence study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: South America / Chile Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. chil. enferm. respir Journal subject: Pulmonary Disease (Specialty) Year: 2021 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Institution/Affiliation country: Ministerio de Salud/CL
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