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Iniquidade racial no acesso ao pré-natal no primeiro trimestre de gestação: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise / Racial inequality in access to prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Natal; s.n; 20200000. 72 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Pt | BBO | ID: biblio-1436948
Responsible library: BR1264.1
RESUMO
O acesso ao pré-natal é o principal promotor do nascimento saudável e a principal medida de prevenção de mortalidade materna por causas evitáveis existente na atenção básica. A entrada precoce neste serviço possibilita atingir o número adequado de consultas, bem como a realização dos procedimentos preconizados e definidores de adequabilidade. A raça/cor da pele é um importante preditor do estado de saúde da população, assim como um marcador de desigualdades sociais. Objetivou-se, então, realizar revisão sistemática da literatura e meta-análise de estudos transversais, para identificar a prevalência de acesso ao pré-natal no primeiro trimestre de gestação de acordo com a raça ou etnia e sua magnitude de associação. O protocolo desta revisão está cadastrado na plataforma PROSPERO sob o número CRD42020159968. Foram realizadas buscas na PUBMED, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL e na literatura cinzenta (Google Scholar e Opengray), utilizando os descritores "pregnancy", "prenatal care" e "Health Services Accessibility". A qualidade dos estudos e o risco de viés foram analisadas utilizando o instrumento Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. Após as etapas de análise, foram incluídos 17 estudos para compor esta revisão. Os dados extraídos foram tabulados e analisados de forma qualitativa e quantitativa por meio de metanálise. Observou-se que, na maioria dos estudos incluídos, as negras foram as que menos tiveram acesso aos serviços de pré-natal ainda no primeiro trimestre, com prevalência de acesso variando de 53% a 56,4%; já as mulheres brancas tiveram prevalência entre 74% a 76,5%; e as de outras etnias de 64,2% a 68,8%. Na análise quantitativa dos dados, verificou-se que as negras quando comparadas às brancas apresentam 43% de chances a menos (OR = 0,57 IC95% 0,51-0,64) de obterem cuidados obstétricos ainda no primeiro trimestre, e de 22% de chances a menos quando comparadas com as mulheres de outras etnias (OR = 0,78 IC95% 0,65-0,95). Assim, conclui-se que as mulheres negras, mesmo quando contrastadas com brancas e outras minorias de características sociodemográficas semelhantes, ainda sofrem com a dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde materna, podendo-se inferir que a questão raça/ cor da pele é per si um determinante importante na obtenção de cuidados obstétricos, sendo necessário a elaboração de políticas públicas direcionadas a esta população e que ampliem o seu acesso aos serviços de saúde (AU).
ABSTRACT
Access to prenatal care is the main promoter of healthy birth and the main preventive measure of maternal mortality from preventable causes in primary care. Early entry to this service makes it possible to reach the appropriate number of consultations, as well as the performance of the recommended procedures and suitability definers. Race / skin color is an important predictor of the population's health status, as well as a marker of social inequalities. The objective was, then, to carry out a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies, to identify the prevalence of access to prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy according to race or ethnicity and its magnitude of association. The protocol for this review is registered on the PROSPERO platform under number CRD42020159968. Searches were conducted at PUBMED, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and in the gray literature (Google Scholar and Opengray), using the descriptors "pregnancy", "prenatal" and "Accessibility to health services". The quality of studies and the risk of biaswere analyzed using the Joanna Briggs Critical Assessment Checklist for Cross-Sectional Analytical Studies. After the analysis steps, 17 studies were included in this review. The extracted data were tabulated and distributed qualitatively and quantitatively through meta-analysis. It was observed that, in most of the included studies, black women were those who had less access to prenatal services in the first trimester, with a prevalenceof access ranging from 53% to 56.4%; white women between 74% and 76.5%; and those of other ethnicities from 64.2% to 68.8%. In the quantitative analysis of the data, it was found that black women, when compared to white women, had a 43% less chance (OR = 0.57 95% CI 0.51-0.64) of obtaining obstetric care in the first trimester, and of 22% less chances when compared with women of other ethnicities (OR = 0.78 CI 95% 0.65-0.95). Thus, it is concluded that black women, even when contrasted with white and otherminorities of similar sociodemographic characteristics, still received a difficulty in accessing maternal health services, and it can be inferred that the issue of race / skin color is itself an important determinant in obtaining obstetric care, requiringthe development of public policies aimed at this population and expanding their access to health services (AU).
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Full text: 1 Collection: 06-national Database: BBO Main subject: Prenatal Care / Socioeconomic Factors / Race Factors / Health Services Accessibility Type of study: Guideline / Observational_studies / Prognostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies / Systematic_reviews Aspects: Determinantes_sociais_saude / Equity_inequality / Patient_preference Limits: Female / Humans / Pregnancy Language: Pt Year: 2020 Document type: Thesis Country of publication: Brazil
Full text: 1 Collection: 06-national Database: BBO Main subject: Prenatal Care / Socioeconomic Factors / Race Factors / Health Services Accessibility Type of study: Guideline / Observational_studies / Prognostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies / Systematic_reviews Aspects: Determinantes_sociais_saude / Equity_inequality / Patient_preference Limits: Female / Humans / Pregnancy Language: Pt Year: 2020 Document type: Thesis Country of publication: Brazil