Factores asociados con enfermedades no transmisibles en el personal docente y administrativo de una institución universitaria

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre los factores de riesgo para enfermedades no trasmisibles comportamentales y metabólicos con algunas variables demográficas y comorbilidades en personal docente y administrativo de una institución universitaria. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de asociación con diseño transversal. La investigación se realizó en los locales de la Universidad (Campus Universitario y Sede Administrativa-ciudad), según programación, entre los meses de diciembre 2018 a febrero de 2019, con una muestra de 150 participantes elegidos aleatoriamente. Se aplicó test de Chi2, prueba exacta de Fisher y se determinó Odd ratio (OR) e IC al 95%; se consideró significativo p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: El 21,3% de participantes tenía alguna enfermedad, 11,3% fumaba y 25,3% consumía bebida alcohólica; el 66,7% consumía verduras/hortalizas inadecuadamente, 82% realizaba deficiente actividad física y 87,3% tenía dislipidemia; además, el 10,7% presentó hipertensión arterial, 46,7% sobrepeso y 27,3% obesidad. Los factores asociados con hipertensión arterial fueron ser varón (OR=3,59, IC 95% 1,10-11,70), edad ≥ 40 años (OR=4,21, IC 95% 1,15-15,44), casado (OR=3,06, IC 95% 1,01-9,31), enfermedad previa (OR=6,21, IC 95% 2,09-18,36) y consumir alcohol (OR=4,66, IC 95%1,60-13,57). Para la obesidad, ser varón (OR=4,54, IC 95%1,97-10,46), residir fuera de Barranca (OR=3,12, IC 95% 1,27-7,68) y triglicéridos elevados (OR=10,48, IC 95% 1,37-80,33). Conclusiones: Los factores asociados con enfermedad no transmisible en los trabajadores de la Universidad fueron la deficiente actividad física, el bajo consumo de frutas y verduras, el consumo de tabaco y alcohol; y están asociados con los metabólicos y comorbilidades como la hipertensión arterial, obesidad, dislipidemia.

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY Objective: To determine the association between behavioral and metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) with some demographic variables and comorbidities in teaching and administrative staff of a university institution. Methods: A descriptive study of association with a cross-sectional design was carried out. The research was carried out in the premises of the University (University Campus and Administrative Headquarters-city), according to programming, between the months of December 2018 to February 2019, with a sample of 150 randomly chosen participants. Chi2 test, Fisher's exact test were applied and Odd ratio (OR) with 95% CI was determined, being significant if the CI in the lower limit is greater than 1, in addition if the p value ≤ 0.05. Results: among the risk factors for NCDs, 21.3% of participants had some disease, 11.3% smoked and 25.3% consumed alcoholic beverages; 66.7% consumed vegetables improperly, 82% carried out poor physical activity and 87.3% had dyslipidemia; in addition, 10.7% had high blood pressure, 46.7% were overweight, and 27.3% had obesity. The risk factors for arterial hypertension were being male (OR = 3.59, 95% CI 1.10-11.70), age ≥ 40 years (OR = 4.21, 95% CI 1.15- 15.44), married (OR = 3.06, 90% CI 1.01-9.31), previous illness (OR = 6.21, 95% CI 2.09-18.36) and consume alcohol (OR = 4.66, 95% CI 1.60-13.57). For obesity, being male (OR = 4.54, 95% CI 1.97-10.46), residing outside of Barranca (OR = 3.12, 95% CI 1.27-7.68) and High triglycerides (OR = 10.48, 95% CI 1.37-80.33). Conclusions: The risk factors for NCDs in the University workers as well as the behavioral ones were the deficient physical activity, the low consumption of fruits and vegetables, the consumption of tobacco and alcohol; and are associated with metabolic and comorbidities such as hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia.