Análisis de la discapacidad por trastornos musculoesqueléticos en México de 1990 a 2021 / Analysis of musculoskeletal disorders-associated disability in Mexico from 1990 to 2021

RESUMEN

Resumen Antecedentes Los trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) afectan a 1710 millones de personas en todo el mundo y es la principal causa de discapacidad. Objetivo: Analizar los años vividos con discapacidad (AVD) por TME en México entre 1990 y 2021. Material y métodos: Con las estimaciones del estudio de la Carga Global de la Enfermedad 2021 se analizaron los AVD por TME y sus seis categorías osteoartritis, artritis reumatoide, gota, dolor cervical, lumbalgia y otros TME. Se evaluaron patrones y tendencias del número, tasa cruda y tasa estandarizada por edad de los AVD a nivel nacional, estatal, por grupos de edad y sexo. Resultados: Los TME constituyeron la principal causa de AVD en México entre 1990 y 2021, con un incremento de 57.3 %; pasaron de 1458.4 a 2293.7 por 100 000 habitantes. La lumbalgia (840.6 AVD) destacó con la mayor tasa en 2021 y la osteoartritis, con el mayor incremento. Los TME se incrementaron con la edad y, con excepción de la gota, afectaron más a las mujeres. Conclusiones: De 1990 a 2021, los TME constituyeron la principal causa de AVD en México, con mayor impacto en adultos y mujeres. Los TME se evidencian desde edades tempranas, de ahí la necesidad de intervenciones continuas para preservar la calidad de vida.

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) affect 1.71 billion people worldwide and are the leading cause of disability. Objective: To analyze the years lived with disability (YLD) attributed to MSD in Mexico between 1990 and 2021. Material and methods: With estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study, the YLDs due to MSD and their six categories were analyzed, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, neck pain, low back pain, as well as other MSDs. Patterns and trends in the number, crude rate, and YLD age-standardized rate were evaluated at the national and state levels, as well as by age group and gender. Results: MSDs were the main cause of YLDs in Mexico between 1990 and 2021, with an increase of 57.3%, going from 1,458.4 to 2,293.7 per 100,000 population. Low back pain (840.6 YLD) showed the highest rate in 2021, while osteoarthritis had the largest increase. MSDs increased with age and, and except for gout, affected women more often. Conclusions: From 1990 to 2021, MSDs were the main cause of YLDs in Mexico, with a higher impact on adults and women. MSDs can appear early in life, hence the need for continuous interventions in order to preserve quality of life.