Avaliação da atenção humanizada ao abortamento em maternidade-escola, em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte / Attention assessment humanized abortion in maternity hospital in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte

RESUMO

A gravidez, não planejada, é vivenciada por milhões de mulheres em todo o mundo. Esse fato aumenta o risco de morbimortalidade ligada ao aborto. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os avanços e desafios da implantação da Atenção Humanizada ao Abortamento em Maternidade-Escola, em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. A Pesquisa foi avaliativa, precedida por um Estudo de Avaliabilidade e seu delineamento um Estudo de Caso. A amostra intencional totalizou 102 sujeitos, sendo 60 usuárias, 39 profissionais e 3 gestores. As técnicas de coleta foram análise documental, entrevista-semiestruturada e observação com diário de campo. A análise documental foi descritiva e para as entrevistas e o diário de campo utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. No estudo de avaliabilidade, verificou-se que a atenção humanizada ao abortamento é um programa avaliável com elaboração e pactuação do modelo lógico, da matriz dos indicadores e das perguntas avaliativas. No Estudo de Caso, as usuárias demonstraram satisfação quanto à resolutividade do atendimento e ao acesso. Contudo, identificaram inadequação na ambiência, na escuta qualificada e no planejamento reprodutivo. Os profissionais retrataram que a deficiência do serviço consiste na infraestutura e na ambiência, consideradas insuficientes e inadequadas para uma assistência humanizada, sobretudo, em relação às acomodações das pacientes, à escassez de leitos, ao número reduzido de salas no centro cirúrgico e à falta de laboratório dentro da Maternidade. Além disso, o planejamento reprodutivo não consiste em uma prática institucionalizada no serviço, e não se efetiva a integralidade com outros serviços e nem a parceria com a comunidade.

ABSTRACT

Unplanned pregnancy is experienced by millions of women worldwide. Such fact increases the risk of abortion-related morbimortality, which represents a serious public health problem. This study aims to evaluate the advances and challenges of the implementation of Humanized Abortion Care at the Maternity-School in Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte. The research was evaluative, was preceded by an Evaluative Study, and resulted in a Case Study. The intentional sample totaled 102 subjects (60 users, 39 professionals and 3 managers). The collection techniques included documental analysis, semi-structured interview and observation with a field diary. The documental analysis was descriptive, while the Content Analysis by Bardin was used for semi-structured interviews and field diary. The Evaluative Study observed that Humanized Abortion Care is an evaluative program with preparation and pact of the logical model, of the matrix of indicators and evaluative questions. The Case Study showed that users were satisfied with the problem-solving capacity and access to the service; however, is also showed that they pointed out inadequacy in terms of environment, qualified hearing and reproductive planning. Professionals reported that the inefficiency of service consists of infrastructure and environment, which are considered inefficient and inadequate to humanized care, especially regarding patient accommodation, the lack of hospital beds, the reduced number of rooms in the surgical center and the lack of laboratory inside the maternity. Moreover, reproductive planning does not consist of an institutionalized practice in the service, and integrality with other services or partnership with the community is not in place. The Maternity Board emphasizes that the excessive demand of patients is one of the reasons that hinders the appropriate implementation of the technical standard. We then conclude that although satisfied regarding problem-solving capacity in terms of service and ease of access, there is room for improvement in qualified hearing systems, in the creation of a system to promote team work, implementation of ombudsman and satisfaction surveys. The right of shared choice did not prevail among users and health professionals with regard to the option of uterine evacuation procedure. Environment was the most mentioned category as that requiring more changes, seeing as a limited factor for the development of humanized and welcoming practices. Health professionals do not establish a periodic routine of planning practices, and such practices are not aligned with the Technical Standard. Incorporation of guidelines and availability of a plurality of methods and possibilities of choices for family planning are required. There is no institutionalization of reference and counter-reference, or partnerships with the community, which makes integrality of care not viable. The Standard needs to be included in the action plans of managers as one of the priorities in the construction of care strategies for women's health, in order to enable, allied to other initiatives, the real integration among safe conduct service, primary care network and social organizations. As a result, respect for human rights and adequate humanized care, as a way of attention and prevention of abortion, can be secured. (AU)