Additive effects of dietary protein and energy deficiencies on mandibular growth in the weanling rat

ABSTRACT

Dietary protein restriction adversely affects mandibular growth in the weanling rat. Protein deficiency is usually accompanied by reduced food intake which, in turn, induces energy deficiency. The present study was thus designed to dissociate the effects of dietary protein and energy deficiencies on the growth of the mandible in rapidly growing rats. Four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats aged 30 days were fed a normal diet, a low-energy diet, a low protein diet, and a low-protein and low-energy diet for 20 days. Rats were sacrificed at the end of experimental period and body weight and mandibular dimensions were recorded to evaluate body growth and mandibular growth. The growth of the mandible was affected almost in the same order of magnitude by both protein and energy restrictions. When both were applied together, mandibular growth was even more severely affected. Two way analysis of variance revealed the absence of synergism between variables, indicating that the negative effects of dietary protein and energy restrictions on mandibular growth could be considered to be additive.