Diagnóstico por mutagénesis dirigida de una mutación en el gen hMSH2 vinculada a cáncer colorrectal hereditario no poliposo. / [Diagnosis by directed mutagenesis of a mutation at the hMSH2 gene associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer]

ABSTRACT

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (NHPCC) is the most common form of inherited colon cancer and one of the most frequent autosomal dominant disorders. HNPCC presents an early onset of colorectal cancer (< 50 years), proximal localization of the colonic tumors, and high risk of developing multiple primary colorectal tumors as well as extracolonic tumors. This disease is caused by mutations in at least four DNA mismatch repair genes, (hMSH2, hMLH1, hPMS1 and hPMS2) and estimations indicate that it affects 1200-12,000 people in the Western populations. The identification of the genes responsible for HNPCC has prompted the search for mutations in affected individuals. DNA from an affected member of a family was sent to a Dutch HNPCC Diagnosis Centre. This Centre reported a germinal mutation, which introduces a premature stopcodon and causes the production of a truncated protein. This particular mutation has not been previously registered in the database of mutations related to this disease. After the identification of the mutation in the index patient, we have developed a quick and efficient procedure for detecting mutations in the rest of the family. The methodology is based on the amplification of the exon 13 in the hMSH2 gene using a forward primer that abuts the mutation site and introduces the cutting sequence of the enzyme Haelll++ only in the wild type allele. At present, seventeen members of the family have been diagnosed and nine have been found to be affected. The methodology is simple, specific, sensitive, inexpensive and applicable in low complexity laboratories.