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Vigilancia farmacológica con el uso de los antirretrovirales / Pharmacological surveillance with the use of antiretrovirals
Larrea Fabra, Roberto; Roque Acosta, María del Carmen.
Affiliation
  • Larrea Fabra, Roberto; Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Cmdte Manuel Fajardo. La habana. Cuba
  • Roque Acosta, María del Carmen; Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Cmdte Manuel Fajardo. La habana. Cuba
Rev. cuba. med ; 46(4)oct.-dic. 2007. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-35610
Responsible library: CU1.1
Localization: CU1.1
RESUMEN
La vigilancia y la detección oportunas de reacciones adversas a los antirretrovirales son primordiales para evitar consecuencias nefastas en la población afecta con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Se estudiaron los casos VIH positivos de Bojanala que acudieron a la clínica del SIDA de Rustenburg, entre mayo del 2004 y octubre del 2005, para conocer el comportamiento de las reacciones adversas a los antirretrovirales y evaluar las estrategias de vigilancia farmacológica. Se realizaron consultas médicas planificadas a los pacientes en tratamiento antirretroviral e investigaciones hematológicas complementarias estandarizadas evaluadas en entrenamiento práctico. Se aplicó doble control diario y registro de reacciones adversas sobre la base de datos computadorizados. Se atendieron 4 043 pacientes de los cuales 2 285 (56,5 por ciento) recibieron tratamiento múltiple antirretroviral. Se observaron efectos adversos menores, usualmente a corto plazo y transitorios, en el 45 por ciento de los casos (1 029 pacientes). Se presentó toxicidad hematológica y hepática relevante, potencialmente letal, solo en 11 y 15 casos, respectivamente, con evolución satisfactoria después de su atención. Se halló que la neurotoxicidad ligera moderada fue frecuente (159 casos, 7 por ciento) y que 6 pacientes desarrollaron severa reacción de hipersensibilidad, 5 de los cuales se recuperaron satisfactoriamente y solo 1 falleció. Otras complicaciones a largo plazo, como la lipodistrofia y la acidosis láctica, se presentaron solo fortuitamente. Se concluyó que las reacciones adversas menores fueron frecuentes, y que predominaron las neuropsiquiátricas y las gastrointestinales. La toxicidad letal severa a los antirretrovirales fue baja por la vigilancia farmacológica (AU)
ABSTRACT
The suitable surveillance and detection of adverse reactions to antiretrovirals are essential to prevent ominous consequences in the population affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The positive HIV cases from Bojanala that received attention at the AIDS Clinic in Rustenburg, from May 2004 to October 2005, were studied to know the behaviour of the adverse reactions to antiretrovirals, and to evaluate the pharmacovigilance strategies. Medical consultations were planned for the patients under antiretroviral treatment, and standardized complementary hematological investigations evaluated in practical training were made. Double daily control and register of adverse reactions on the basis of computerized data were applied. Attention was given to 4 043 patients, of whom 2 285 (56.5 percent) received multiple antiretroviral treatment. Usually short term and transitory minor adverse effects were observed in 45 percent of the cases (1 029 patients). Significant hematological and hepatic toxicity, potentially lethal, was present only in 11 and 15 cases, respectively, with satisfactory evolution after their attention. It was found that mild moderate neurotoxicity was frequent (159 cases 7 percent), and that 6 patients developed a severe reaction of hypersensitivity, 5 of whom had a satisfactory recovery and only one died. Other long-term complications, such as lipodystrophy and lactic acidosis appeared fortuitously. It was concluded that minor adverse reactions were common, with predominance of the neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal complications. Severe lethal toxicity to antiretrovirals was low thanks to pharmacovigilance (AU)
Subject(s)
Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Cuba Database: CUMED Main subject: Product Surveillance, Postmarketing / Anti-Retroviral Agents Type of study: Screening study Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. cuba. med Year: 2007 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Cmdte Manuel Fajardo/Cuba
Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Cuba Database: CUMED Main subject: Product Surveillance, Postmarketing / Anti-Retroviral Agents Type of study: Screening study Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. cuba. med Year: 2007 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Cmdte Manuel Fajardo/Cuba
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