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Bacterial Meningitis in children and adolescents: an observational study based on the national surveillance system
Dickinson, Félix O; Pérez, Antonio E.
Affiliation
  • Dickinson, Félix O; Department of epidemiology. Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí. Havana. Cuba
  • Pérez, Antonio E; Department of epidemiology. Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí. Havana. Cuba
BMC Infect Dis ; 5Nov. 2005. tab
Article in English | CUMED | ID: cum-40000
Responsible library: CU1.1
ABSTRACT

Background:

Bacterial meningitis is a group of life threatening infections that mostly affect children and adolescents, and may be the cause of severe neurological sequelae. Cuba has implemented massive vaccination programmes against both Neisseria meningitidis (serogroup C in 1979 and B in 1987), and Haemophilus influenzae type b (1999), two of the main causal pathogens. We described and discussed some epidemiological aspects of the current status of bacterial meningitis to learn from the Cuban experience.

Methods:

A nationwide observational study on children and adolescents from 1 to 18 years old was carried out from 1998 to 2003, estimating the incidence and case-fatality rate by age group and causal pathogens, as well as the seasonality and frequency of overcrowded dormitories. The association between disease and attendance to day care centres or boarding schools was estimated by using relative risk (Chi-squared test and Fisher Exact Test).

Results:

The overall number of cases was 1023; the incidence ranged from 3.4 to 8.5 per 100 000 population, with the higher figures in children 1–5 years old (16.8 per 100 000 population). Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B were the main identified agents. The average case-fatality rate was 10.5 percent and the most lethal agents were Streptococcus pneumoniae (27percent) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (10.7percent). Overall percentage of cases who slept in overcrowded dormitories was 15 percent, reaching 30.6percent in adolescents. Seasonality was only evident among meningococcal meningitis cases between September–October.........(AU)
RESUMEN
Antecedentes La meningitis bacteriana es un grupo en peligro la vida de la mayoría de las infecciones que afectan a los niños, niñas y adolescentes, y puede ser la causa de graves secuelas neurológicas. Cuba ha puesto en marcha programas de vacunación masiva en contra de ambos Neisseria meningitidis (serogrupo C en 1979 y B en 1987), y Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (1999), dos de los principales agentes patógenos causales. Se describen y discuten algunos aspectos epidemiológicos de la situación actual de la meningitis bacteriana que aprender de la experiencia cubana.

Métodos:

Se realizó un estudio observacional a nivel nacional sobre los niños, niñas y adolescentes de 1 a 18 años se llevó a cabo entre 1998 y 2003, la estimación de la incidencia y tasa de letalidad por grupos de edad y los agentes patógenos causales, así como la estacionalidad y la frecuencia de hacinamiento en los dormitorios. La asociación entre la enfermedad y la asistencia a guarderías o escuelas se calculó utilizando el riesgo relativo (prueba de Chi-cuadrado y prueba exacta de Fisher).

Resultados:

El número total de casos fue de 1023, la incidencia varió de 3,4 a 8,5 por 100 000 habitantes, con las cifras más altas en niños de 1-5 años de edad (16,8 por 100 000 habitantes). Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae tipo b y Neisseria meningitidis del serogrupo B fueron los principales agentes identificados. El promedio de tasa de letalidad fue del 10,5 por ciento y el más letal de los agentes fueron Streptococcus pneumoniae (27percent) y Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (10.7percent). Porcentaje global de casos que dormían en los dormitorios de hacinamiento es de 15 por ciento, alcanzando 30.6percent en los adolescentes. La estacionalidad es sólo evidente entre los casos de meningitis meningocócica entre septiembre-octubre
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Cuba Health context: Neglected Diseases Health problem: Neglected Diseases / Zoonoses Database: CUMED Main subject: Risk / Meningitis, Bacterial / Cuba Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adolescent / Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Caribbean / Cuba Language: English Journal: BMC Infect Dis Year: 2005 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Department of epidemiology/Cuba

Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Cuba Health context: Neglected Diseases Health problem: Neglected Diseases / Zoonoses Database: CUMED Main subject: Risk / Meningitis, Bacterial / Cuba Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Risk factors / Screening study Limits: Adolescent / Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Caribbean / Cuba Language: English Journal: BMC Infect Dis Year: 2005 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Department of epidemiology/Cuba
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