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Factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y cerebrovasculares en adolescentes / Risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in adolescents
Gorrita Pérez, Remigio Rafael; Ruiz King, Yolaysis; Hernández Martínez, Yalili; Sánchez Lastre, Manuela.
Affiliation
  • Gorrita Pérez, Remigio Rafael; Policlínico Universitario Santiago Rafael Echezarreta Mulkay. Mayabeque. Cuba
  • Ruiz King, Yolaysis; Policlínico Universitario Santiago Rafael Echezarreta Mulkay. Mayabeque. Cuba
  • Hernández Martínez, Yalili; Policlínico Universitario Santiago Rafael Echezarreta Mulkay. Mayabeque. Cuba
  • Sánchez Lastre, Manuela; Policlínico Universitario Santiago Rafael Echezarreta Mulkay. Mayabeque. Cuba
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 87(2): 140-155, Abr- Jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-62610
Responsible library: CU1.1
Localization: CU1.1
RESUMEN

Introducción:

los niños y adolescentes copian estilos de vida desencadenantes de enfermedades cardiovasculares y cerebrovasculares del adulto, y han incorporado nuevos factores potencialmente dañinos.

Objetivo:

determinar la existencia de factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y cerebrovasculares en estudiantes adolescentes.

Métodos:

se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y transversal en 259 adolescentes de una escuela secundaria básica urbana de la provincia de Mayabeque, entre los años 2011-2012, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se estudiaron sexo, edad, valoración nutricional, tensión arterial, hábitos dietéticos, sedentarismo, hábito de fumar, y colesterol y triglicéridos a los que presentaban sobrepeso, obesidad, hipertensión arterial o antecedentes familiares de hiperlipidemias.

Resultados:

el antecedente patológico familiar más importante fue el tabaquismo en el 43,8 por ciento de ellos. El 2,7 por ciento de los adolescentes mostraron la tensión arterial elevada, el 6,9 por ciento antecedente de bajo peso al nacer, y el 13,1 por ciento clasificó como sobrepesos u obesos, y se estableció una importante relación entre este y la hipertensión arterial. El 94,5 por ciento de los adolescentes exhibieron patrones de alimentación inadecuados, y hubo relación entre estos y el sobrepeso y la obesidad. El 34 por ciento de los estudiantes eran sedentarios y la cuarta parte fumadores. Al 13 por ciento de los que se les realizó trigliceridemia mostraron cifras elevadas.

Conclusiones:

se identificaron como factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y cerebrovasculares en estudiantes adolescentes antecedentes patológicos familiares de tabaquismo, hipertensión arterial y obesidad, y en ellos, los patrones de alimentación de riesgo, sedentarismo, hábito de fumar, sobrepeso y obesidad(AU)
ABSTRACT

Introduction:

children and adolescents adopt lifestyles that may lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases when they become adults and other potentially harmful factors have also been added.

Objective:

to determine the presence of risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in adolescent students.

Methods:

observational, analytical and cross-sectional study of 259 adolescents from an urban junior high school located in Mayabeque province, which was conducted in the period of 2011 and 2012. The participants met the inclusion criteria. The study variables were sex, age, nutritional assessment, blood pressure, dietary habits, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and also cholesterol and triglyceride levels that were only measured in those overweighed, obese, hypertensive or having a family history of hyperlipidemia.

Results:

the most significant family pathological history was smoking found in 43.8 percent of students. In the study group, 2.7 percent showed high blood pressure, 6.9 percent had been low birthweight babies and 13.1 percent rated as overweighed or obese, with significant association between overweigh and blood hypertension. The dietary habits were found inadequate in 94.5 percent of them and they were also related to overweigh and obesity. The triglyceride test of 13 percent of the studied adolescents showed high figures.

Conclusions:

the identified risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in adolescent teenagers were family history of smoking, blood hypertension and obesity, risky dietary habits, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, overweigh and obesity(AU)
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Cuba Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being Health problem: Target 3.4: Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases Database: CUMED Main subject: Cardiovascular Diseases / Smoking / Stroke / Pediatric Obesity Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Prevalence study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Adolescent / Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. cuba. pediatr Year: 2015 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Policlínico Universitario Santiago Rafael Echezarreta Mulkay/Cuba
Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Cuba Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being Health problem: Target 3.4: Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases Database: CUMED Main subject: Cardiovascular Diseases / Smoking / Stroke / Pediatric Obesity Type of study: Etiology study / Observational study / Prevalence study / Prognostic study / Risk factors Limits: Adolescent / Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. cuba. pediatr Year: 2015 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Policlínico Universitario Santiago Rafael Echezarreta Mulkay/Cuba
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