Linfoma de Burkitt en niña de Botswana / Burkitt lymphoma in a girl from Botswana

RESUMEN

El linfoma de Burkitt es una forma de linfoma no Hodgkin. Es uno de los tumores malignos de más rápido crecimiento en humanos, alto grado de malignidad, indiferenciado y difuso, que aparece preferentemente en niños. Actualmente se aceptan tres tipos de linfomas de Burkitt el endémico (forma africana), esporádico (forma americana) y el tipo asociado a formas de inmunodeficiencias. Se presenta el caso de una niña de dos años de edad, con fiebre elevada de tres meses de evolución, linfadepatias cervicales, ennegrecimiento de las piezas dentales, edema facial con masa tumoral, hipertelorismo, proptosis bilateral con quemosis moderada en ojo izquierdo y severa en ojo derecho. Con limitación de la motilidad ocular. Se indican estudios de laboratorio, ultrasonido abdominal, Rx de tórax y tomografía de cráneo y órbita. Se comienza tratamiento por diagnóstico de linfoma de Burkitt, confirmado en el estudio histológico. Se realizan ciclos de quimioterapia y seguimiento en consulta de oncología. Se observa mejoría clínica de la quemosis y proptosis, con fondo de ojo normal. A pesar de la respuesta clínica favorable después de la primera semana, el pronóstico de evolución del caso es reservado (AU)

ABSTRACT

Burkitt lymphoma is a form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is one of the fastest-growing malignant tumors in human beings, with a high degree of malignancy, undifferentiated and diffuse, that most commonly occurs in children. Nowadays there are three types of Burkitt lymphoma the endemic variant (African variant), the sporadic type (American variant) and the immunodeficiency-associated type. This study presents the case of a 2-year-old girl with high fever of three months of progress, cervical lymphadenopathy, tooth blackening, facial edema with tumoral mass, hypertelorism, bilateral proptosis with moderate chemosis in the left eye and severe in the right eye. She had limitation of the ocular motility. Lab studies were ordered, as well as abdominal ultrasound, chest x-ray and skull and orbit CT scan. Treatment was started for a diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma, which was confirmed with the histological study. Chemotherapy cycles were performed and oncology follow-ups were conducted. There was a clinical improvement of chemosis and proptosis, with a normal ophthalmoscopy. In spite of the favorable clinical response after the first week, prognosis of the case progress was guarded(AU)