Part II : Lifelines. Chapter 10 : Gas and liquid fuel systems

ABSTRACT

Past earthquakes have shown that gas and liquid fuel lifelines are vulnerable to earthquake ground shaking and ground failure. Although there are gaps in the knowledge base for seismic design of new systems, information is more complete for mitigation of seismic damage to new systems than for existing systems. The critical issues primatily center on the vulnerability of existing systems and include the expected level of damage, direct and indirect impacts of seismic damage, damage mitigation procedures, and appropriate performance criteria. The state-of-the-art in dealing with these issues is reviewed as a basis for recommendations to improve implementation of existing knowledge and to advance the development of new technologies.(AU)