Actividad sexual e información y uso de métodos anticonceptivos en la juventud española: resultados de una encuesta nacional / Sexual activity and information and use of contraceptive methods in the young Spanish population: national survey results

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Analizar los conocimientos, el comportamiento sexual y el uso de anticonceptivos de la juventud española. Sujetos y métodos: Jóvenes entre 15 y 24 años. Método basado en un cuestionario realizado entre el 15 de mayo y el 5 de junio de 2002 a una muestra representativa (n = 1.826). Resultados: El 16,3% de varones y el 11,9% de mujeres no han recibido información sobre sexualidad y anticoncepción durante el período escolar. El 19% de los que la han recibido la consideran insuficiente. La edad media del inicio de las relaciones sexuales fue de 17 años. El 40% de las jóvenes no utilizan ningún método anticonceptivo. Los métodos más usados son preservativo (36,3%) y píldora anticonceptiva (17,9%). El 32,7% de los varones y el 30,5% de las mujeres usan incorrectamente el preservativo. El 18% de las jóvenes han utilizado alguna vez anticoncepción de emergencia. Conclusiones: Las deficiencias en la información recibida y en el uso de anticonceptivos, probablemente, contribuyen a la exposición al riesgo de embarazo juvenil

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the incidence and clinical relevance of intermittent diastolic flow on umbilical artery Doppler in monochorionic twin pregnancies. Methods: We performed a prospective study that included 3 groups of monochorionic pregnancies group I a cohort of monochorionic pregnancies with ultrasonographic follow-up every 15 days from the first trimester (n = 80); group II monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth retardation (n = 40), and group III severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome (n = 50). The presence and persistence over time of intermittent absent and/or reverse diastolic flow on umbilical artery Doppler was recorded. Placentas were examined and placental sharing and the presence of large arterio-arterial anastomoses (> 2 mm) were assessed. Perinatal outcome was recorded in all cases.Results: Intermittent diastolic flow was present in 5% (4/80) of pregnancies in group I, 45% (18/40) in group II and 2% (1/50) in group III (p < 0.0001, group II versus groups I and III). Large arterio-arterial anastomoses were identified in all examined pregnancies with intermittent flow (18/18) and in 3.6% (4/112) of those without. The in utero mortality rate was 0% in group I and in group II fetuses without intermittent flow. However, intrauterine mortality was 19.4% in fetuses in group II with intermittent diastolic flow. Conclusions: Intermittent diastolic flow should be considered a characteristic sign of monochorionic pregnancy. This sign seems to result from the presence of large arterio-arterial anastomoses. The incidence of intermittent diastolic flow is significantly increased in the context of selective intrauterine growth retardation, indicating a poor perinatal outcome in these casesAim: To analyze knowledge, sexual behavior and the contraceptive methods used by the young Spanish population. Subjects and method: The study population consisted of teenagers and young adults aged 15-24 years. The method was based on a questionnaire carried out from 15th May until 5th June in a representative sample (n = 1,826). Results: A total of 16.3% of young men and 11.9% of young women did not receive information about sex or contraception during their school years. Among those that had received information, 19% considered it insufficient. The mean age of the first encounter was 17 years. Forty percent of young women did not use any contraceptive method. The most commonly used methods were the condom (36.3%), followed by the pill (17.9%). The condom was incorrectly used by 32.7% of young men and by 30.5% of young women. Eighteen percent of the women reported they had used emergency contraception. Conclusions: Inadequacies in the information received and incorrect use of contraceptive methods probably contribute to teenage pregnancies