Carcinoma broncogénico no anaplásico de células pequeñas en estadio IA. Cirugía y patrones de mortalidad / Nonsmall cell lung cancer in stage IA: mortality patterns after surgery

RESUMEN

OBJETIVO: Determinar las causas de mortalidad en los pacientes operados de un carcinoma broncogénico no anaplásico de células pequeñas (CBNACP) en estadio IA y el impacto que tiene en la supervivencia el hecho de no realizar una disección ganglionar sistemática, así como el número de ganglios resecados. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se estudió a 156 pacientes operados de un CBNACP y clasificados en el estadio IA de acuerdo con el sistema tumor, nódulo, metástasis patológico. Sólo se extirparon los ganglios palpables o visibles. La supervivencia se analizó con el método de Kaplan-Meier y las curvas se compararon mediante el test de rangos logarítmicos. RESULTADOS: Al finalizar el estudio, 85 (54,5%) pacientes habían fallecido, 67 (42,9%) estaban vivos y 4 (2,5%) se habían perdido en el seguimiento. Veintitrés (14,7%) pacientes fallecieron por recidiva del CBNACP 2 por recidiva local (1,2%), otros 2 en el ganglio mediastínico (1,2%) y 19 (12,1%) por metástasis a distancia. En 62 (39,7%) de los casos la causa de la muerte no estuvo relacionada con el CBNACP 33 (21,1%) fallecieron por aparición de un nuevo cáncer, 18 de los cuales fueron broncogénicos, y 29 (18,5%) por enfermedades no tumorales. La supervivencia a los 5 años fue del 81,4%. Cuando no se extirpó ningún ganglio, la supervivencia fue del 88,9%, mientras que cuando se extirparon fue del 79,9%, aunque la diferencia no fue significativa (p = 0,4073). CONCLUSIONES: En nuestra experiencia, ni el hecho de no realizar disección ganglionar sistemática ni el número de ganglios extirpados han tenido una influencia en la supervivencia a los 5 años. Un número considerable de pacientes falleció de una causa distinta del CBNACP del que se les había operado

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the causes of death in patients treated surgically for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in stage IA and to evaluate the impact on survival of not performing systematic lymph node dissection and of the number of nodes resected. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of 156 patients operated on for NSCLC and classified in stage IA according to TNM staging. Only palpable or visible lymph nodes were dissected. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared using a log-rank test. RESULTS: At the end of the study, 85 (54.5%) patients had died, 67 (42.9%) were alive, and 4 (2.5%) were lost to follow up. Twenty-three (14.7%) died from a recurrence of NSCLC 2 with local tumors (1.2%), 2 with mediastinal node involvement (1.2%), and 19 (12.1%) with distant metastasis. The cause of death was unrelated to NSCLC in 62 (39.7%) cases 33 (21.1%) had a new tumor, 18 of which were bronchogenic, and 29 (18.5%) had nonmalignant disease. The 5-year survival rate was 81.4%. The rate was 88.9% among patients from whom no lymph nodes were excised and 79.9% among those with node excision, although the difference was not statistically significant (P=.4073). CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that neither the fact of not performing systematic lymph node dissection nor the number of nodes resected has an impact on survival. A substantial number of patients died of causes unrelated to the NSCLC for which they had been treatedOBJECTIVE: To determine the causes of death in patients treated surgically for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in stage IA and to evaluate the impact on survival of not performing systematic lymph node dissection and of the number of nodes resected. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of 156 patients operated on for NSCLC and classified in stage IA according to TNM staging. Only palpable or visible lymph nodes were dissected. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared using a log-rank test. RESULTS: At the end of the study, 85 (54.5%) patients had died, 67 (42.9%) were alive, and 4 (2.5%) were lost to follow up. Twenty-three (14.7%) died from a recurrence of NSCLC 2 with local tumors (1.2%), 2 with mediastinal node involvement (1.2%), and 19 (12.1%) with distant metastasis. The cause of death was unrelated to NSCLC in 62 (39.7%) cases 33 (21.1%) had a new tumor, 18 of which were bronchogenic, and 29 (18.5%) had nonmalignant disease. The 5-year survival rate was 81.4%. The rate was 88.9% among patients from whom no lymph nodes were excised and 79.9% among those with node excision, although the difference was not statistically significant (P=.4073). CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that neither the fact of not performing systematic lymph node dissection nor the number of nodes resected has an impact on survival. A substantial number of patients died of causes unrelated to the NSCLC for which they had been treated