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Diarrea del viajero / Diarrhoea in the traveller
Alonso Socas, M. M; Alemán, R; López Lirola, A; Castellano, A; Martín Ponce, E; Gómez Sirvent, J. L.
Affiliation
  • Alonso Socas, M. M; Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Santa Cruz de Tenerife. España
  • Alemán, R; Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Santa Cruz de Tenerife. España
  • López Lirola, A; Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Santa Cruz de Tenerife. España
  • Castellano, A; Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Santa Cruz de Tenerife. España
  • Martín Ponce, E; Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Santa Cruz de Tenerife. España
  • Gómez Sirvent, J. L; Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Santa Cruz de Tenerife. España
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 29(supl.1): 127-138, ene.-abr. 2006. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-048526
Responsible library: ES1.1
Localization: ES1.1 - BNCS
RESUMEN
Las enfermedades diarreicas causadas por la contaminación de agua y alimentos por enteropatógenos continúan siendo causa de importante morbilidad en los países con escaso nivel de desarrollo. Se estima alrededor de unos 50.000 casos diarios de diarreas del viajero en el mundo, siendo el principal motivo de consulta de los viajeros que regresan de zonas no desarrolladas. El principal determinante de riesgo es el lugar de destino, existiendo diferencias importantes entre las distintas regiones en cuanto al riesgo y la etiología de la diarrea. La causa más frecuente de diarreas es la bacteriana, que representa del 60 al 85% de los casos, los parásitos representan el 10% y un 5% están producidas por virus. Aunque habitualmente cursa de forma benigna, pueden aparecer complicaciones, siendo excepcional la mortalidad asociada esta enfermedad. La prevención se basa fundamentalmente en seguir estrictamente las medidas higiénicas elementales y evitar la ingesta de alimentos y bebidas con riesgo de contaminación. La profilaxis con antibióticos sólo se aconseja en viajes de corta duración, en los que el riesgo y/o gravedad de las diarreas, sobre todo en pacientes inmunosuprimidos, sean superiores a los posibles efectos colaterales. El tratamiento de la diarrea del viajero se basa en una adecuada hidratación y se reserva el uso de antimicrobianos para situaciones clínicas moderadas y graves, siendo las quinolonas el fármaco de elección. La rifaximina es un nuevo fármaco aprobado para el tratamiento de las diarreas del viajero, sobre todo en áreas con enteropatógenos resistentes a las quinolonas
ABSTRACT
Diarrhoeic diseases caused by water and food contaminated by enteropathogens continue to be an important cause of morbidity in countries with a low level of development. Some 50,000 cases of diarrhoea in travellers are estimated in the world every day, and this is the main cause of consultation by travellers who return from undeveloped zones. The principal determinant of risk is the place of destination; there are significant differences between different regions with respect to risk and to the aetiology of the diarrhoea. The most frequent cause of diarrhoeas is of bacterial origin, which represents between 60 and 85% of the cases, while parasites represent 10% and some 5% are produced by viruses. Although it normally follows a benign course, complications can arise, with mortality being only exceptionally associated to this disease. Prevention is essentially based on strictly following elemental hygienic measures and avoiding the ingestion of foodstuffs and drinks with a risk of contamination. Prophylaxis with antibiotics is only advisable in journeys of short duration, in which the risk and/or seriousness of diarrhoeas, above all in immunosuppressed patients, are higher than the possible collateral effects. The treatment of diarrhoea in the traveller is based on adequate hydration, and the use of microbians is reserved for moderate and serious situations, with quinolones being the drug of choice. Rifaximine is a new drug approved for the treatment of diarrhoeas in the traveller, above all in areas with enteropathogens that are resistant to quinolones
Subject(s)
Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Spain Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / Neglected Diseases / SDG3 - Target 3.3 End transmission of communicable diseases Health problem: Target 3.3: End transmission of communicable diseases / Diarrhea / Neglected Diseases / Diarrhoeal Infections Database: IBECS Main subject: Travel / Diarrhea Type of study: Etiology study / Risk factors Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: An. sist. sanit. Navar Year: 2006 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Universitario de Canarias/España
Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Spain Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / Neglected Diseases / SDG3 - Target 3.3 End transmission of communicable diseases Health problem: Target 3.3: End transmission of communicable diseases / Diarrhea / Neglected Diseases / Diarrhoeal Infections Database: IBECS Main subject: Travel / Diarrhea Type of study: Etiology study / Risk factors Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: An. sist. sanit. Navar Year: 2006 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Universitario de Canarias/España
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