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Descontaminación digestiva selectiva. ¿Por qué no aplicamos la evidencia en la práctica clínica? / Selective digestive decontamination. Why don’t we apply the evidence in the clinical practice?
Taylor, N; Van Saene, HKF; Abella, A; Silvetri, L; Vucic, M; Peric, M.
Affiliation
  • Taylor, N; University of Liverpool. Department of medical Microbiology. Liverpool. R.U
  • Van Saene, HKF; University of Liverpool. Department of medical Microbiology. Liverpool. R.U
  • Abella, A; Hospital Universitario de Getafe. Servicio de medicina Intensiva. Madrid. España
  • Silvetri, L; Presidio Ospedaliero di Gorizia. Unitá Operativa di Anestesia e Reanimazione. Italia
  • Vucic, M; Sisters of Mercy University Hosptial. Department of Intensive Care. Zagreb. Croacia
  • Peric, M; Sisters of Mercy University Hosptial. Department of Intensive Care. Zagreb. Croacia
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 31(3): 136-145, abr. 2007. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-052967
Responsible library: ES1.1
Localization: ES1.1 - BNCS
RESUMEN
La descontaminación digestiva selectiva (DDS) es una estrategia profiláctica cuyo objetivo es reducir la incidencia de infecciones, principalmente la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica, en los pacientes que requieren cuidados intensivos, previniendo o erradicando el estado de portador orofaríngeo y gastrointestinal de microorganismos potencialmente patógenos. Cincuenta y cuatro ensayos clínicos randomizados (ECR) y nueve metaanálisis han evaluado la DDS. Treinta y ocho ECR muestran una reducción significativa de las infecciones y cuatro de la mortalidad. Todos los metaanálisis muestran una reducción significativa de las infecciones y 5 de los 9 metaanálisis de la mortalidad. Se necesita tratar 5 pacientes de Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) con DDS para prevenir una neumonía y 12 pacientes de UCI deben ser tratados para prevenir una muerte. Los datos que muestran un beneficio de la DDS sobre la mortalidad tienen un grado de evidencia 1 o un grado de recomendación A (soportada por al menos dos investigaciones de nivel 1). El objetivo de esta revisión es exponer la patogenia de las infecciones en los enfermos críticos, describir la DDS, analizar la evidencia disponible sobre su eficacia y los potenciales efectos adversos, y discutir las razones publicadas por los expertos que desaconsejan el uso de la DDS, a pesar de ser reconocida como la intervención mejor evaluada en cuidados intensivos para reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad de las infecciones
ABSTRACT
Selective digestive decontamination (SDD) is a prophylactic strategy whose objective is to reduce the incidence of infections, mainly mechanical ventilation associated pneumonia in patients who require intensive cares, preventing or eradicating the oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal carrier state of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Fifty-four randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and 9 meta-analysis have evaluated SDD. Thirty eight RCTs show a significant reduction of the infections and 4 of mortality. All the meta-analyses show a significant reduction of the infections and 5 out of the 9 meta-analyses report a significant reduction in mortality. Thus, 5 patients from the ICU with SDD must be treated to prevent pneumonia and 12 patients from the ICU should be treated to prevent one death. The data that show benefit of the SDD on mortality have an evidence grade 1 or recommendation grade A (supported by at least two level 1 investigations). The aim of this review is to explain the pathogeny of infections in critical patients, describe selective digestive decontamination, analyze the evidence available on it efficacy and the potential adverse effects and discuss the reasons published by the experts who advise against the use of SDD, even though it is recognized as the best intervention evaluated in intensive cares to reduce morbidity and mortality of the infections
Subject(s)
Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Spain Health context: Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas / SDG3 - Health and Well-Being Health problem: Goal 7: Evidence and knowledge in health / Target 3.3: End transmission of communicable diseases Database: IBECS Main subject: Communicable Disease Control / Cross Infection / Antibiotic Prophylaxis Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Practice guideline Aspects: Social determinants of health Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) Year: 2007 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Universitario de Getafe/España / Presidio Ospedaliero di Gorizia/Italia / Sisters of Mercy University Hosptial/Croacia / University of Liverpool/R.U
Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Spain Health context: Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas / SDG3 - Health and Well-Being Health problem: Goal 7: Evidence and knowledge in health / Target 3.3: End transmission of communicable diseases Database: IBECS Main subject: Communicable Disease Control / Cross Infection / Antibiotic Prophylaxis Type of study: Controlled clinical trial / Practice guideline Aspects: Social determinants of health Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) Year: 2007 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Universitario de Getafe/España / Presidio Ospedaliero di Gorizia/Italia / Sisters of Mercy University Hosptial/Croacia / University of Liverpool/R.U
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