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Síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño. Concepto, diagnóstico y tratamiento médico / Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Concept, diagnosis and medical treatment
Eguía, V. M; Cascante, J. A.
Affiliation
  • Eguía, V. M; Hospital Virgen del Camino. Pamplona. España
  • Cascante, J. A; Hospital Virgen del Camino. Pamplona. España
An. sist. sanit. Navar ; 30(supl.1): 53-74, 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-055955
Responsible library: ES1.1
Localization: ES1.1 - BNCS
RESUMEN
El Síndrome de apneas-hipopneas del sueño (SAHS) se caracteriza por somnolencia diurna excesiva, trastornos cardiorrespiratorios y cognitivos, secundarios a episodios repetidos de obstrucción de la vía aérea superior durante el sueño. Esta enfermedad es muy prevalente en la población general y tiene efectos deletéreos sobre el sistema cardiovascular; aumenta la incidencia de accidentes de tráfico a causa de la excesiva somnolencia, deteriora la calidad de vida y se asocia a un exceso de mortalidad. Suele afectar a pacientes obesos y los síntomas más importantes son los ronquidos y las pausas respiratorias repetidas. Cada apnea y/o hipopnea condiciona una puntual caída en la saturación que altera la media nocturna y termina ocasionando serios problemas cardiovasculares a mediolargo plazo. La desestructuración de la arquitectura del sueño conduce a la excesiva somnolencia diurna capaz de interferir en la vida socio-laboral. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante polisomnografía o poligrafía respiratoria, método abreviado válido para el 75% de casos. El tratamiento médico más eficaz es la aplicación de presión positiva en la vía aérea (CPAP) que tiene escasos y leves efectos secundarios y es, en general, bien tolerado. Una vez adaptado el paciente debe realizarse un ajuste de la presión mediante polisomnografía o con las autoCPAP, capaces de variar la presión hasta la corrección de los eventos respiratorios. El papel de la atención primaria es fundamental en la sospecha del cuadro, la utilización correcta de los criterios de derivación y el control de los pacientes en tratamiento una vez adaptados
ABSTRACT
The sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is characterised by daytime sleepiness, cardiorespiratory and cognitive disorders, secondary to repeated episodes of obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. This disease is highly prevalent in the general population and has damaging effects on the cardiovascular system; it increases the incidence of traffic accidents due to excessive somnolence, reduces the quality of life and is associated with an excess of mortality. It usually affects obese patients and the most important symptoms are snoring and repeated respiratory pauses. With each apnea and/or hypopnea there is a fall in saturation that alters the nocturnal average and ends up causing serious cardiovascular problems in the medium to long term. The destructuring of the architecture of sleep leads to daytime sleepiness that can interfere in social and working life. Diagnosis is carried out by means of polysomnography or respiratory poligraphy, an abbreviated method that is valid for 75% of cases. The most efficient medical treatment is the application of positive pressure to the airway (Continuous positive airway pressure - CPAP) that has scarce and light secondary effects and is in general well-tolerated. Once adapted, the patient must carry out an adjustment of the pressure through polysomnography and with the autoCPAP, which can vary pressure until the respiratory events are corrected. Primary care has an essential role to play in suspicion of the clinical symptoms, the correct utilisation of the referral criteria and the control of patients receiving treatment once adapted
Subject(s)
Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Spain Health context: SDG3 - Target 3.8 Achieve universal access to health / SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / SDG3 - Target 3.4 Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases Health problem: Delivery Arrangements / Target 3.6: Reduce deaths and the trauma caused by road accidents / Other Respiratory Diseases Database: IBECS Main subject: Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Disorders of Excessive Somnolence Type of study: Diagnostic study Aspects: Patient-preference Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: An. sist. sanit. Navar Year: 2007 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Virgen del Camino/España
Full text: Available Collection: National databases / Spain Health context: SDG3 - Target 3.8 Achieve universal access to health / SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / SDG3 - Target 3.4 Reduce premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases Health problem: Delivery Arrangements / Target 3.6: Reduce deaths and the trauma caused by road accidents / Other Respiratory Diseases Database: IBECS Main subject: Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Disorders of Excessive Somnolence Type of study: Diagnostic study Aspects: Patient-preference Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: An. sist. sanit. Navar Year: 2007 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Virgen del Camino/España
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