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Asma en el niño escolar / Asthma in chool child
García Hernández, G.
Affiliation
  • García Hernández, G; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Sección de Neumología y Alergia Pediátricas. Madrid. España
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 68(2): 78-85, mar.-abr. 2012. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-101751
Responsible library: ES1.1
Localization: BNCS
RESUMEN
El asma es la enfermedad crónica más frecuente en la infancia. Es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de las vías aéreas cuya prevalencia ha aumentado en todo el mundo, aunque no de igual manera en todos los países. Existe un componente genético que predispone a padecer la enfermedad, habiéndose descrito hasta ahora más de 100 genes relacionados con el asma y la alergia. Además, existirían factores ambientales (exposición a neumoalergenos, infecciones respiratorias, contaminación atmosférica) que determinarían la aparición de síntomas. Estos se deben a la obstrucción del flujo aéreo ocasionado por el estrechamiento de la vía aérea y consisten en episodios de tos, sibilancias y dificultad respiratoria, reversibles de forma espontánea o tras tratamiento con broncodilatadores. Una espirometría con patrón obstructivo y un test de broncodilatación positivo apoyarían firmemente el diagnóstico. La historia clínica detallada permite establecer la relación con factores desencadenantes, clasificar la gravedad del asma y decidir el tratamiento de fondo cuando sea necesario (corticoides inhalados, antileucotienos, beta-adrenérgicos de acción larga), reservando los beta-adrenérgicos de acción corta y los corticoides sistémicos para la crisis de asma. La inmunoterapia con alérgenos puede estar indicada en algunos pacientes alérgicos, y otros con asma grave pueden beneficiarse del tratamiento con omalizumab (AU)
ABSTRACT
Asthma is the most frequent chronic condition in child-hood. It is chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, which frequency has increased in the whole world, but not in the same way. There is a genetic predisposition to suffer the disease, and the moment, more than of 100 genes have been described related to asthma and allergy. In addition, environmental factors would exist that determine the appearance of symptoms (pneumoallergen exposition, respiratory infection, air pollution). These are due to air flow obstruction caused by the narrowing of the airway and they consist of episodes of cough, wheeze and difficulty breathing, reversible on spontaneous was or after treatment with bronchodilators. A spirometry with airway obstruction and positive bronchodilator response would firmly support the diagnosis. A clinical detailed history allows to establish the relationship with trigger factors, to classify the severity of the disease and decide treatment, that whould be necessary (inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene-receptor agonists, long-acting beta2-agonists), keeping the short acting beta2-agonists and systemic corticoids for asthmatic exacerbations. Immunotherapy can be indicated in some allergic patients, and other with severe asthma could benefit of treatment with omalizumab (AU)
Subject(s)
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Collection: National databases / Spain Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being Health problem: Target 3.9: Reduce the amount of deaths produced by dangerous chemicals and the pollution of the air, water and soil Database: IBECS Main subject: Asthma / Airway Obstruction Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Risk factors Limits: Child / Female / Humans / Male Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) Year: 2012 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre/España
Search on Google
Collection: National databases / Spain Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being Health problem: Target 3.9: Reduce the amount of deaths produced by dangerous chemicals and the pollution of the air, water and soil Database: IBECS Main subject: Asthma / Airway Obstruction Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Risk factors Limits: Child / Female / Humans / Male Language: Spanish Journal: Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) Year: 2012 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre/España
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