Perfil condicional en jugadores de élite internacionales de baloncesto. Diferencias entre croatas y japoneses / Fitness profile in elite international senior male basketball players. Differences between Croatian and Japan team

RESUMEN

Introducción: Existen numerosos estudios descriptivos sobre el perfil fisiológico, antropométrico y neuromuscular de jugadores de baloncesto. Estos trabajos analizan deportistas de diferentes países con tradición en nuestro deporte, jugadores de Serbia o Francia, pero también de territorios Donde no es una practica deportiva habitual, como por ejemplo la India. Sin embargo, no existe información científica que compare sujetos de diferentes países con diferentes niveles de rendimiento. Objetivo: El objeto de estudio fue comparar las diferencias entre 2 selecciones de baloncesto, un mes antes de iniciar el Campeonato de Europa y el Campeonato del Mundo, en relación a las capacidades fisiológicas, antropométricas y neuromusculares. Sujetos 27 jugadores senior de baloncesto [equipo nacional Croata (Cro), n=14 y equipo nacional Japonés (Jap), n=13] participaron voluntariamente en este estudio. Métodos: Todas las medias fueron realizadas con el mismo aparataje. Se analizaron variables antropométricas [(Peso (W); Altura (H); porcentaje graso, Formula Jackson, et al. (1980)],capacidades fisiológicas y neuromusculares [Test de contra movimiento(CMJ); Abalakov (AB) y Squat jump (SJ), Test de máxima velocidad (MST)], VO2 máx y Flexibilidad (FX).Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas entre equipos en H [Cro 2.01 ± 0.8 cm vs. Jap 1.91 ±0.8 cm; (p<0.05)] y en W (Cro 102.94 ± 13.5 kg vs Jap 88.00 ± 13.24kg; (p<0.05)]. Igualmente se describieron diferencias en las capacidades neuromusculares [CMJ (Cro 36.30 ± 3.9 cm vs.Jap 33.60 ± 4.3 cm; (p<0.01)], [AB (Cro 61.73 ± 5.7 cm vs.Jap 57.31 ± 4.4 cm; (p<0.05)], [SJ (Cro 47 ± 2.3 cm vs. Jap44.6 ± 3.8 cm; (NS)] y MST (Cro 17.04 ± 1.4 m/sg vs. Jap18.19 ± 1.4 m/sg; (p<0.01)]. Los croatas presentaron valoresmás altos en CMJ, AB y MST. [(FX) (Cro 17.1 ± 3.23 cmvs. Jap 18.3 ± 4.4 cm; (NS)]. No se describieron diferencias significantes en VO2 máx, SJ y FX. Conclusión: Los croatas son más altos y pesados que los japoneses, además de explosivos y rápidos, con valores superiores en variables neuromusculares. No se presentó diferencia alguna entre grupos ni en la capacidad aeróbica ni en el test de flexibilidad (AU)

ABSTRACT

Introduction: There are many descriptive studies about the physiological, anthropometrical and neuromuscular profile of top level basketball players. These articles describe players from different countries with tradition in basketball, Serbian, French players and also from countries where basketball is not a traditional sport, such as Indian players. However, there is no scientific data comparing players from different countries with different level of performance. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the differences between two teams of top level basketball one month before starting either the European or the World Championship, in relation to discriminate physiological, anthropometrical and neuromuscular capacities. Subjects: 27 senior male basketball players [Croatia national team (Cro), n=14 and Japan national team (Jap), n=13] were volunteered for the study. Methods: All measurements were performed with the same equipment. Anthropometric characteristics [(Weight (W); Height(H); Body fat Jackson, et al. (1980)]], Neuromuscular capacities[Countermovement Jump test (CMJ); Abalakov Jump (AB)and Squat Jump (SJ), Max Speed test (MST), Maximal Aerobic Capacity (VO2 máx)] and Flexibility (FX) were measured. Results: We have found significant differences between teams in H [Cro 2.01 ± 0.8 cm vs. Jap 1.91 ± 0.8 cm; (p<0.05)], and in W (Cro 102.94 ± 13.5 kg vs. Jap 88.00 ± 13.2 kg; (p<0.05)]. Equally, the statistical analysis described significant differences between groups in the neuromuscular capacities [(CMJ) (Cro 36.30 ±3.9 cm vs. Jap 33.60 ± 4.3 cm; (p<0.01)], [(AB) (Cro 61.73 ±5.7 cm vs. Jap 57.31 ± 4.4 cm; (p<0.05)], [(SJ) (Cro 47 ± 2.3cm vs. Jap 44.6 ± 3.8 cm; (NS)] and MST (Cro 17.04 ± 1.4m/sg vs. Jap 18.19 ± 1.4 m/sg; (p<0.1)]. Cro presented higher values in neuromuscular capacities (CMJ, AB and MST). [(FX)(Cro 17.1 ± 3.2 cm vs. Jap 18.3 ± 4.4 cm; (NS)]. No significant differences between teams were found in VO2 máx, SJ and FX. Conclusion: The Croatian players are higher and heavier than the Japanese, as well as explosive and fast with highest values in neuromuscular variables. There was no difference between groups, either in aerobic capacity or the flexibility test (AU)