Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares de zonas rurales / Prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren in rural areas

RESUMEN

Objetivos Estimar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares del entorno rural. Método Estudio descriptivo transversal. Muestra de 1513 escolares de 6, 11 y 14 años de edad. Se recogieron datos de peso y talla con una báscula digital de columna con tallímetro. Se utilizaron tres criterios para definir sobrepeso y obesidad puntos de Cole, criterios de los Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) y tablas de Hernández. Resultados Usando los puntos de Cole la prevalencia del sobrepeso fue del 24,6% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%] 22,5-26,8) y la de la obesidad fue del 11,6% (IC95% 10-13,3), mayor en los niños de 11 y 6 años de edad, respectivamente. Según los criterios CDC, el 19,8% (IC95% 17,9-21,9) tenía sobrepeso y el 16,5% (IC95% 14,7-18,4) obesidad, correspondiendo los porcentajes mayores a los 14 y 6 años de edad. Empleando las tablas de Hernández se encontró un 11,5% (IC95% 10-13,2) de sobrepeso y un 18,6% (IC95% 16,7-20,6) de obesidad, ambos más altos a los 11 años de edad. El riesgo de presentar obesidad y sobrepeso es mayor en los municipios pequeños (<5000 habitantes), con unas odds ratio de 1,49 (IC95% 1,13-1,95) y 1,33 (IC95% 1,06-1,67), respectivamente. Conclusiones La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en el entorno rural es muy alta, y es mayor en los municipios de menos de 5000 habitantes (AU)

ABSTRACT

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren in rural areas. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 1,513 schoolchildren aged 6, 11 and 14 years. Data were collected on height and weight with digital scales equipped with a measuring rod. We used three criteria to define overweight and obesity Cole's points, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria and Hernandez's tables. Results When Cole's points were used, 24.6% (95%CI 22.5 - 26.8) were overweight and 11.6% (95%CI 10-13.3) were obese; these percentages were higher in children aged 11 and 6 years, respectively. According CDC growth charts, 19.8% of children (95%CI 17.9-21.9) were overweight and 16.5% (95%CI 14.7-18.4) were obese, corresponding to higher percentages at 14 and 6 years. When Hernandez's tables were used, 11.5% (95%CI 10-13.2) were overweight and 18.6% (95%CI 16.7-20.6) were obese, and both disorders were higher in children aged 11 years. The risk of obesity and overweight was higher in small rural areas (<5,000 people), with OR = 1.49 (95%CI 1.13-1.95) and OR = 1.33 (95%CI 1.06-1.67), respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren in rural areas is very high and is even higher in towns with less than 5,000 inhabitants (AU)