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Efectos neuropsicológicos del consumo de cannabis / Neuropsychological effects of cannabis use
Verdejo-García, A.
Affiliation
  • Verdejo-García, A; Universidad de Granada. Granada. España
Trastor. adict. (Ed. impr.) ; 13(3): 97-101, jul.-sept. 2011.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-107533
Responsible library: ES1.1
Localization: BNCS
RESUMEN
El abuso de cannabis está asociado con alteraciones de la motivación y la cognición, así como con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar diversas psicopatologías, como la adicción o la esquizofrenia. En esta revisión discutimos hallazgos neurocientíficos sobre los efectos neuroadaptativos del uso de cannabis, sus repercusiones sobre los mecanismos de aprendizaje, memoria y pensamiento y los vínculos entre las alteraciones de estos mecanismos y la emergencia de síntomas psicopatológicos. Los efectos agudos del cannabis sobre el funcionamiento cerebral generan una hiperactivación de regiones hipocampales durante la codificación de información y una degradación de la activación del estriado durante la recuperación de información. Los estudios de neuroimagen en consumidores crónicos han detectado reducciones volumétricas del hipocampo y disfunciones del metabolismo de la corteza prefrontal medial y lateral. Estas neuroadaptaciones están asociadas con déficits neuropsicológicos de aprendizaje y memoria, control cognitivo y toma de decisiones y con la intensidad de los síntomas psicóticos subclínicos experimentados por los consumidores. La relación funcional entre las distintas regiones cerebrales y las funciones neuropsicológicas afectadas por el consumo de cannabis sugieren la existencia de una desregulación de los circuitos que conectan la corteza prefrontal, el hipocampo y el núcleo estriado, deteriorando la capacidad de contextualizar la información que alimenta los sistemas de pensamiento y predicción (AU)
ABSTRACT
Cannabis abuse is associated with motivational and cognitive deficits, as well as with a higher risk to develop psychopathologies, including addiction and schizophrenia. In this review we discuss current neuroscientific findings on the neuroadaptive effects of cannabis use, its impact on learning and judgment processes, and the links between deficits in these core basic processes and complex psychopathological symptoms. The acute effects of cannabis on brain functioning induce hyperactivation of hippocampal regions during memory encoding and alterations in the striatal gradient of activation during memory recollection. Neuroimaging studies in chronic users of cannabis have observed volumetric reductions in the hippocampus, and metabolic hypoactivations in medial and lateral prefrontal cortices. These neuroadaptations are associated with neuropsychological deficits in learning, memory, cognitive control and decision-making, and correlate with the intensity of the psychotic symptoms experienced by users. The functional links between the brain regions and neuropsychological mechanisms impacted by cannabis use point to a dysregulation of the prefrontal-hippocampal-striatal systems controlling the cognitive input of judgment and forecasting processes (AU)
Subject(s)
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Collection: National databases / Spain Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / SDG3 -Target 3.5 Prevention and treatment of consumption of psychoactive substances Health problem: Target 3.5: Prevention and treatment of consumption of psychoactive substances / Cannabis Related Disorders / Cocaine and Other Stimulant-Related Disorders Database: IBECS Main subject: Marijuana Abuse / Prefrontal Cortex / Hippocampus / Memory / Memory Disorders / Motivation / Neuropsychology Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Female / Humans / Male Language: Spanish Journal: Trastor. adict. (Ed. impr.) Year: 2011 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Granada/España
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Collection: National databases / Spain Health context: SDG3 - Health and Well-Being / SDG3 -Target 3.5 Prevention and treatment of consumption of psychoactive substances Health problem: Target 3.5: Prevention and treatment of consumption of psychoactive substances / Cannabis Related Disorders / Cocaine and Other Stimulant-Related Disorders Database: IBECS Main subject: Marijuana Abuse / Prefrontal Cortex / Hippocampus / Memory / Memory Disorders / Motivation / Neuropsychology Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Female / Humans / Male Language: Spanish Journal: Trastor. adict. (Ed. impr.) Year: 2011 Document type: Article Institution/Affiliation country: Universidad de Granada/España
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