Papel de la variante del promotor G308 del factor de necrosis tumoral α sobre el peso y parámetros metabólicos tras una dieta rica en grasas monoinsaturadas frente a una dieta rica en grasas poliinsaturadas / Role of G308 promoter variant of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene on weight loss and metabolic parameters after a high monounsaturated versus a high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diets

ABSTRACT

Background and objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of G-308 promoter variant of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha gene on metabolic changes and weight loss secondary to a high monounsaturated fat vs a high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet in obese subjects. Patients and method: A sample of 261 obese subjects were enrolled in a consecutive prospective way, from May 2011 to July 2012 in a tertiary hospital. In the basal visit, patients were randomly allocated during 3 months to Diet M (high monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet) and Diet P (high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet). Results: One hundred and ninety seven patients (73.2%) had the genotype G-308G and 64 (26.8%) patients had the genotype G-308A. There were no significant differences between the effects (on weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass) in either genotype group with both diets. With the diet type P and in genotype G-308G, glucose levels (−6.7(22.1) mg/dl vs −3.7(2.2) mg/dl: p = 0.02), HOMA-R (−0.6(2.1) units vs −0.26(3.1) units: p = 0.01), insulin levels (−1.7(6.6) UI/L vs −0.6(7.1) UI/L: p = 0.009), total cholesterol levels (−15.3(31.1) mg/dl vs −8.4(22.1) mg/dl: p = 0.01), LDL cholesterol levels (−10.7(28.1) mg/dl vs −3.8(21.1) mg/dl: p = 0.008) and triglycerides (−12.1(52.1) mg/dl vs −6.6(43.1) mg/dl: p = 0.02) decreased. Conclusion: Carriers of the G-308G promoter variant of TNF alpha gene have a better metabolic response than A-308 obese with a high polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet (AU)