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Azithromycin is more allergenic than Clarithromycin in children with suspected hypersensitivity reaction to Macrolides
Barni, S; Butti, D; Mori, F; Pucci, N; Rossi, ME; Cianferoni, A; Novembre, E.
Affiliation
  • Barni, S; University of Florence. A. Meyer Children’s Hospital. Allergy Unit. Florence. Italy
  • Butti, D; University of Florence. A. Meyer Children’s Hospital. Allergy Unit. Florence. Italy
  • Mori, F; University of Florence. A. Meyer Children’s Hospital. Allergy Unit. Florence. Italy
  • Pucci, N; University of Florence. A. Meyer Children’s Hospital. Allergy Unit. Florence. Italy
  • Rossi, ME; University of Florence. A. Meyer Children’s Hospital. Allergy Unit. Florence. Italy
  • Cianferoni, A; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Allergy and Immunology Division. Philadelphia. USA
  • Novembre, E; University of Florence. A. Meyer Children’s Hospital. Allergy Unit. Florence. Italy
J. investig. allergol. clin. immunol ; J. investig. allergol. clin. immunol. (Internet);25(2): 128-132, 2015. ilus, tab
Article in En | IBECS | ID: ibc-135502
Responsible library: ES1.1
Localization: BNCS
ABSTRACT
Background: Macrolides are considered safe antibiotics with reduced allergenic activity. However, studies on the safety of macrolides are scarce, particularly in children. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of hypersensitivity reactions to clarithromycin and azithromycin in a group of children referred to our allergy unit for suspected macrolide allergy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 90 children aged 1-17 years with symptoms suggestive of hypersensitivity reaction to clarithromycin or azithromycin between December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2013. The allergy workup included skin tests (ie, skin prick tests and/or intradermal tests), determination of serum specific IgE (sIgE) to clarithromycin and azithromycin, and, if necessary to reach a diagnosis, oral provocation tests. Results: Seventy-seven children completed the allergy workup. A reaction to clarithromycin was recorded in 58 children (75.3%): 21 (36.2%) had a history of immediate reactions, and 37 (63.8%) had a history of nonimmediate reactions. A reaction to azithromycin was recorded in 19 children (24.6%): 6 (31.5%) had a history of immediate reaction, and 13 (68.42%) had a history of nonimmediate reaction. Positive results in skin tests and oral provocation tests with the suspect drug confirmed the diagnosis in 15.5% of reactions to clarithromycin (9 of 58) and in 47.3% of reactions to azithromycin (9 of 19) (P=.004). Conclusion: A complete allergy workup enabled us to confirm a diagnosis of clarithromycin and azithromycin allergy in 15.5% and 47.3% of cases, respectively. Azithromycin was more allergenic than clarithromycin in children (AU)
RESUMEN
Antecedentes: A los macrólidos se les considera antibióticos seguros, con una reducida capacidad alergénica. Sin embargo, los estudios sobre este tema son insuficientes, especialmente en los niños. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio ha sido el evaluar la frecuencia de reacciones hipersensibilidad (HR) a claritromicina (clarithromycin) y a azitromicina (azithromycin) en un grupo de niños, estudiados en nuestra Unidad de Alergia, por sospecha de alergia a los macrólidos. Métodos: Se han estudiado restrospectivamente, 90 niños (de 1-17 años) con síntomas sugestivos de HR a clarithromycin o azithromycin, entre el 31 de diciembre de 2008 y 31 de diciembre de 2013. En el protocolo de estudio se incluyeron la realización de pruebas cutáneas intraepidérmicas (prick, SPT) y/o pruebas intradérmicas (ID)], la determinación de IgE sérica específica (sIgE) a clarithromycin y azithromycin y, si se consideraba necesario para llegar a un diagnóstico, pruebas de provocación oral (OPT). Resultados: Setenta y siete niños completaron el estudio. Cincuenta y ocho (75,3%) referían haber presentado reacciones a clarithromycin: 21 (36,2%) tenían antecedentes de reacciones inmediatas (IR), y 37 (63,8%) tenían antecedentes de reacciones no inmediatas (RIN). Diecinueve de los 77 niños (24,6%) habían presentado una reacción a azithromycin: 6 (31,5%) con una historia de IR y 13 (68,42%) con historia de NIR. Mediante pruebas cutáneas o por positividad en la OPT con el fármaco sospechoso, permitió confirmar el diagnóstico en 15,5% (9 de 58) de los casos de clarithromycin y en 47,3% (9 de 19) de los casos de azithromycin (p= 0,004). Conclusión: Un estudio alergológico completo permitió realizar un correcto diagnóstico de alergia a clarithromycin y azithromycin en 15,5% y 47,3% de los casos, respectivamente. En este trabajo, en niños, la azithromycin fue más alergénica que la clarithromycin (AU)
Subject(s)
Full text: 1 Collection: 06-national / ES Database: IBECS Main subject: Clarithromycin / Azithromycin / Drug Hypersensitivity Type of study: Evaluation_studies / Guideline / Observational_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limits: Adolescent / Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Infant / Male Language: En Journal: J. investig. allergol. clin. immunol / J. investig. allergol. clin. immunol. (Internet) Year: 2015 Document type: Article
Full text: 1 Collection: 06-national / ES Database: IBECS Main subject: Clarithromycin / Azithromycin / Drug Hypersensitivity Type of study: Evaluation_studies / Guideline / Observational_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limits: Adolescent / Child / Child, preschool / Female / Humans / Infant / Male Language: En Journal: J. investig. allergol. clin. immunol / J. investig. allergol. clin. immunol. (Internet) Year: 2015 Document type: Article