Diferencias demográficas y socioeconómicas asociadas al consumo de bebidas azucaradas en niños y adolescentes colombianos / Demographic and socioeconomic differences in consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among colombian children and adolescents

RESUMEN

Introducción: las bebidas azucaradas (BA) se estan convirtiendo en un componente comun en las dietas de ninos y adolescentes y su consumo se relaciona con factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el consumo de BA entre ninos y adolescentes colombianos y examinar las diferencias demograficas y socioeconomicas de acuerdo al sexo. Métodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal secundario de la informacion obtenida en la Encuesta Nacional de la Situacion Nutricional 2010 (ENSIN 2010), en 10.373 ninos y adolescentes, entre 5 y 17 anos. El consumo de BA (bebidas carbonatadas y/o concentrados azucarados), los factores demograficos (sexo, edad, etnia, urbanidad, region y area geografica) y el nivel sociodemografico (puntaje de Sisben) se recogieron por encuesta estructurada. Se establecieron asociaciones mediante la construccion de modelos de regresion logistica binaria simple y multivariable. Resultados: a nivel nacional, el 23% de las ninas y el 22,4% de los ninos acusaron un consumo de al menos una vez a la semana de BA y se observan diferencias significativas por factores demograficos. En las ninas, los factores asociados a la ingesta de BA (≥ 1 vez/sem) eran las pertenecientes al grupo entre 14 y 17 anos de edad [OR = 1,65 (IC95% 1,32-2,06)], las residentes de la region central [OR = 2,42 (IC95% 1,81-3,25)] y las procedentes de las areas urbanas [OR 1,77 (IC95% 1,42-2,20)]. En los ninos, la regresion logistica multivariante muestra que los adolescentes entre 14 y 17 anos de edad [OR= 1,96 (IC 95% 1,58-2,24)], procedentes de los territorios nacionales [OR = 2,42 (IC95% 1,77-3,32)] y los residentes del area urbana [OR 1,79(IC95% 1,45-2.20)] se asociaron con una mayor probabilidad de consumo de BA. La clase social no se asocio con la ingesta de BA. Conclusiones: el consumo de BA cambia segun los factores sociodemograficos estudiados. El Estado podria usar los resultados de este estudio para fomentar la disminucion del consumo regular de BA e incentivar el consumo de bebidas saludables (como el agua) entre los ninos y adolescentes de Colombia (AU)

ABSTRACT

Introduction: sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are becoming a common component in the diets among children and adolescents, and its consumption is associated with an increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to describe the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among Colombian children and adolescents and to examine whether differences by demographic and socioeconomic according to gender. Methods: we used data from the 2010 National Nutrition Survey of Colombia (ENSIN 2010) for 10 373 children and adolescents between 5 and 17 years old. SSB intake was based on intake from regular soda and/ or concentrated drinks. Demographic factors (sex, age, ethnicity, urbanicity, area and geographic region) and socioeconomic level (social class) were collected by structured questionnaire. Associations were established through a multivariate logistic regression. All analyzes were calculated by complex samples. Results: nationwide, 23% of girls and 22.4% of boys drank SSB at least once a week. Differences by demographic factors were observed for SSB consumption. In girls, factors associated with a greater odds for SSB intake (≥ 1 time/week) were aged 14 to 17 years old [OR = 1.65 (95%CI = 1.32, 2.06)], living in the central region [OR = 2.42 (95%CI = 1.81, 3.25)] and urban area [OR = 1.77 (95%CI = 1.42, 2.20)]. In boys, the multivariate logistic regression shows that adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old [OR = 1.96 (95%CI = 1.58, 2.24)], living in the national territories (South) [OR = 2.42 (95%CI = 1.77, 3.32)] and urban area [OR = 1.79 (95%CI = 1.45, 2.20)] were associated with a higher probability of SSB consumption. Social class was not associated with SSB intake. Conclusions: SSB intake varies by certain demographic factors. Government can use findings from this study to tailor efforts to decrease SSB intake and to encourage consumption of more healthful beverages (e.g, water) among Colombian children and adolescents (AU)