Evaluación de contaminantes microbianos en muestras de cannabis incautadas en Costa Rica / Evaluation of microbial contamination in samples of cannabis seized in Costa Rica
Rev. esp. drogodepend
; 41(1): 56-66, ene.-mar. 2016. tab
Article
in Spanish
| IBECS
| ID: ibc-150890
Responsible library:
ES1.1
Localization: BNCS
RESUMEN
Diferentes literaturas sugieren que el consumo de cannabis es un importante problema para la salud pública. El cannabis, por su naturaleza ilegal, llega a sus usuarios sin cumplimiento de normas adecuadas de cultivo, almacenamiento, procesamiento y tráfico; lo que puede generar diversos contaminantes, que pueden ser químicos, físicos o microbianos. La presencia de contaminantes microbianos es un riesgo para la salud de los usuarios, sobre todo en pacientes con el sistema inmune comprometido. Costa Rica no cuenta con estudios sobre la presencia de contaminantes microbianos en el cannabis comercializado, por lo que este estudio pretendía establecer si los hay en las muestras incautadas en seis regiones del territorio costarricense y relacionar este hecho con riesgos para la salud de sus consumidores. En dichas muestras se realizaron pruebas de conteo total de bacterias aeróbicas, levaduras y hongos según los procedimientos establecidos por la Farmacopea de los Estados Unidos de América (USP). Para la identificación de microorganismos potencialmente patógenos, se realizaron los procedimientos descritos por la USP, el uso del sistema API y metodología de identificación morfológica de hongos. Los conteos totales de bacterias, de levaduras y hongos superan los límites establecidos por USP en la mayoría de las muestras. Se hallaron cuatro tipos de hongos Aspergillus sp., Scopulariopsis sp, Fusarium sp y Penicillum sp y cinco especies bacterianas Staphylococcus aureus, S. xylosus, S. lentus, Enterobacter cloacae y E. sakazakki. La contaminación hallada requiere de un debate para el establecimiento de una verdadera política de regulación, tanto para fin terapéutico como para fines recreativos
ABSTRACT
Different literature suggests that cannabis use is a major problem for public health. Cannabis, through its illegal nature, reaches its users without complying with any suitable standards of growth, storage, processing and transport, which may generate diverse pollutants, which can be chemical, physical or microbial. The presence of microbial pollutants is a risk for the users health, especially in patients whose immune system is compromised. In Costa Rica there are no studies on the presence of microbial pollutants in commercialized cannabis, which is why the aim of this study was to establish the presence of the aforementioned pollutants in cannabis samples seized in six regions of Costa Rican territory and to relate this fact to risks for the health of its consumers. These samples were tested for their total count in aerobic bacteria, yeast and fungi according to procedures established by the Pharmacopoeia of the United States (USP). Identification of potentially pathogenic microorganisms was performed using methods described by USP; using the API system and methodology for morphological identification of fungi. The total counts of bacteria, yeast and fungus exceed limits set by USP on most of the seized samples. Four types of fungus were found Aspergillus sp, Scopulariopsis sp, Fusarium sp and Penicillium sp, and five bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, S. xylosus, S. lentus, Enterobacter cloacae and E. sakazakki. The contamination found requires a debate for establishing a genuine policy of cannabis regulation, both for therapeutic or recreational purposes:
Full text:
Available
Collection:
National databases
/
Spain
Health context:
SDG3 - Target 3D Strengthen the capacity for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks
/
Sustainable Health Agenda for the Americas
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SDG3 - Health and Well-Being
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SDG3 -Target 3.5 Prevention and treatment of consumption of psychoactive substances
Health problem:
Biological Hazards
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Goal 8: Outbreaks, emergencies and disasters
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Target 3.9: Reduce the amount of deaths produced by dangerous chemicals and the pollution of the air, water and soil
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Target 3.5: Prevention and treatment of consumption of psychoactive substances
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Cannabis Related Disorders
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Cocaine and Other Stimulant-Related Disorders
Database:
IBECS
Main subject:
Cannabis
/
Colony Count, Microbial
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Risk Factors
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Microbial Viability
/
Infections
Type of study:
Etiology study
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Evaluation study
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Practice guideline
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Prognostic study
Limits:
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Country/Region as subject:
Central America
/
Costa Rica
Language:
Spanish
Journal:
Rev. esp. drogodepend
Year:
2016
Document type:
Article
Institution/Affiliation country:
Universidad de Costa Rica/Costa Rica